Sustainability Planning and Monitoring

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EFFECT OF THE MPA ON GENDER RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITYEffects of the MPA on GenderRelations in the CommunityCase study from Java, IndonesiaChristine van WijkIn September 2000, a group of MPA practitionerscarried out an MPA asssessment with thecommunity members of Sewukan community inMagelang district, Java, Indonesia. The purposewas to assess the community’s experiences withtheir existing water supplies before embarking onthe design and construction of a new, additionalsystem. Before their participation in theassessment, the women in Sewukan had met onlyto discuss social or religious events. Theirparticipation in the evaluation of the existing watersupplies in the community affected gender relationsin several ways.Value of women’s knowledgerecognizedInitially, the kepala dusun (sub-village head)considered the consultation of women ontechnical design and construction of the watersystems a waste of time. He said that womenknew nothing about such matters. However, hisviews and those of the other men changed whenthe group of women pointed out significantdesign errors such as too low a ratio of cementto sand in concrete mixing 50 and entry pointsfor the water pipes being set too low in thereservoirs. The men’s group had given only verygeneral remarks such as lack of training. Theexperience led the kepala dusun to make, inthat culture, an unusual remark in public thatthe women had brought out more usefultechnical observations than the men. When themen presented the outcomes in the plenarymeeting (women and men alternated inpresentations and the men started), theypresented only the women’s findings. Thisbrought general hilarity, when a man in theaudience asked: “But what about our findings?”Gender-specific needs anddemands brought outThe women’s evaluation of the existing watersystems also brought out two major women’sneeds for the new project: a better distribution ofdomestic water and the addition of a sanitationcomponent to the project.50 Reportedly observed by women during the construction of the facility by the contractor hired by the PublicWorks Department.138
EFFECT OF THE MPA ON GENDER RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITYBecause the community already had 11 smalldomestic water supply systems, the male leadershad assumed that there was no need for a twelfth.They had decided that the new water system wouldbe designed for irrigation. The women’sevaluation showed that, while all households hadaccess to domestic water, the distribution of thewater in the community was skewed. This findingemerged during the social mapping and roperating in the different sections of the community. Itwas visualized in the social map by using colouredwool to mark off well served and underservedareas. In consequence, the village assembly inwhich the groups presented the map and theoutcomes of the rope rating decided that the newsystem would be designed for domestic water use.They also decided to use the social map in thedesign of the distribution net.A hot debate developed on the addition of asanitation component. The women disliked thelack of privacy and the inconvenience of havingto go out at night for defecation in the localstreams. The men had no problems with that andthought private latrines were too expensive for themto install. However, during the discussion itbecame clear that the men had taken the costlypublic latrine at the mosque as the model fordomestic facilities. The MPA team then providedthe groups with pictures of different options forlatrines and latrine materials. Calculating whateach model would cost, the groups soon realizedthat they could build any type according to theirpreferences and ability to pay. The womenfurthermore came up with the suggestion that upto five households could build and share onetogether.In the two days of the MPA event, this issue couldnot be resolved. However, the women had becomeconscious of their common demand and hadunited around the issue. Pressure to solve theproblem will therefore quite likely continue until asatisfactory solution has been found.Women examine a range of latrine designs and cost options139
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PrefaceThe mission of the Water and
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AcknowledgementsThe Participatory L
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4.9 Visualization and self-scoring
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Figure 18 KDP 2 activity cycle with
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THE CHALLENGE OF SUSTAINED WATER SU
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A NEW TOOL FOR PLANNERS AND MANAGER
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THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESSkey va
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THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESSsevera
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THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESS●●
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THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESSThe MP
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THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESSsegreg
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THE MPA IN ACTIONaction points in i
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THE MPA IN ACTIONBox 15 Key element
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THE MPA IN ACTIONsuccessful or unsu
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THE MPA IN ACTIONexternal facilitat
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THE MPA IN ACTIONBox 17 Indicative
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THE MPA IN ACTIONvisits and conduct
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THE MPA IN ACTIONScoring principles
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THE MPA IN ACTION4.10 Quality contr
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THE MPA IN ACTIONExperiences with t
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THE MPA IN ACTION5Organizing and In
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Box 22 Gender and poverty analysis
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ORGANIZING AND INTERPRETING THE DAT
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PARTICIPATORY TOOLS USED IN THE MPA
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Page 103 and 104: PARTICIPATORY TOOLS USED IN THE MPA
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Page 153: LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDMPA core
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Page 167 and 168: Appendix BProcess designed forPLA P
Page 169 and 170: StepNo.7.ProcessAsk “Were users e
Page 171 and 172: ReferencesBernard, Russel H. (1995)
Page 173: Wijk, Christine van. (1998). ‘Gen
Page 176: Water and Sanitation ProgramWater S
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