Sustainability Planning and Monitoring

PARTICIPATORY TOOLS USED IN THE MPA●sanitation services, according to gender, period(past and present), socio-economic level andfunction or type of work, including whether itis paid or unpaid.Homes of community members who havereceived training for construction ormaintenance of services, according to gender,class, period (past and present) and subjectarea.UsesCommunity maps are used in the MPA to analyzeat least the following aspects of services.Access to services: The group examines thelocations of the facilities vis-à-vis the clusters ofhomes:●●●Which clusters of households are well served,through closeness to facilities or householdconnections?Which clusters are not?Reasons?Facilitation brings out the rationale for and storiesbehind the siting of facilities – both for water supplyand sanitation.During project evaluations, it is very useful tocompare the community map to the projectagency’s infrastructure map for the same villageand probe reasons in case discrepancies are foundbetween the two.Coverage over time: The facilitator helps reflecton what has happened over time:●Since the project constructed facilities, has thecommunity expanded or replicated them? Hasit installed more taps? Built more latrines? Withor without external assistance? Why or whynot?Proportion of people using the service. The groupselects the score that represents the communitysituation best. The same procedure is followedfor sanitation.Quality of service: The group also discusses thequality and reliability of service:●●●●Are there variations in water quantity, qualityand reliability?Which sources/points are functioning well andwhich ones not?What are the reasons?Who is affected?The answers are used for scoring quantity, qualityand reliability of water delivered by the differentwater points. The discussion often explainsaspects of management and financing. 21Equity in sharing cost vs. benefits: From theclassification of user households and analysis ofaccess and quality of services, the progression todiscussing contributions is quickly made.●●●What did and do poor and rich householdsnear and far from water points contribute forthe service?Do some households also use the water fromthe system for productive uses? What types ofhouseholds, and what types of uses?Do these uses involve a lot of water? Does itaffect water availability for all, or could it doso in future? Are these uses reflected in thetariffs?The results help the group score equity of tariffsand links information on water distribution and21 The same information is also obtained from service management committees and triangulated with informationfrom users from the map and transect walks.68