Sustainability Planning and Monitoring

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PARTICIPATORY TOOLS USED IN THE MPATo assess the value for costs, the participants lookat their scores again, but now discuss which ofthese benefits are worth their past and currentcontributions, in terms of payments, time, conflictsand whatever else the service costs them. If thereare items for which they feel their costs are greaterthan the benefits they are getting, they can reducethe number of beans given as scores. If there arecertain benefits for which they would evencontribute more than they do now, they can addbeans. The value-for-cost score is then calculatedusing the same method as above.ResultThe scores indicate the groups’ perceptions ofdifferent types of benefits from the new service.They also reveal group perceptions of the extentto which each type of benefit is experienced.Ranking of benefits shows what they consideredworth paying for (in terms of money, time, effort,assets or any other way), according to gender andwelfare class. Cross-checking helps identify to whatextent these experiences relate to their willingnessto sustain the water service or sanitationimprovements and whether other factors also playa role. Women and men may also see differentbenefits for themselves and for the other gender.UseThe activity results in overviews of the types,division and scope of benefits accruing towomen, men or both and as perceived by thedifferent socio-economic groups. The resultshelp examine whose demands are being metand whose are not. Additionally, whosedemands are being met to a greater extent thanfor others and why? If major inequities arediscovered in the benefits experienced from theservices and in the value for cost perceived bydifferent groups, facilitators use discussions todraw out reasons underlying them. The wholecommunity needs to become aware of theinequities and identify the reasons for them, tospark collective decisions and actions.For example, if a certain group is derivingproportionately greater benefits from the servicesthan others but is paying the same user fees,this could lead to a change in the rates of userfees that better reflects the differentials inconsumption - thus improving financialsustainability.The activity also lends itself to a broaderdiscussion on benefits and gender: whichbenefits are for women and girls, which for menan boys, and which are the same for all. Tryingto distinguish between practical gender benefits(that is, facilitating life without changing existingroles of women and men) and strategic ones(that is, leading to an improved position ofwomen as compared to men) turned out to bedifficult in field situations and was abandonedas part of the assessments.76
PARTICIPATORY TOOLS USED IN THE MPA6.7 Card sortingAssessing who contributed what for construction, by gender and class, in NepalPurposeCard sorting is used in MPA to assess whocontributed what to the establishment of the service,in relation to capacity to contribute.ProcessFor this activity, the starting points are the drawingsthat emerged from welfare classification asrepresenting the rich/wealthier and the poor. Witheach drawing, a picture of a man and a womanis added (if not already present) to represent themale and female head of the family. Alternatively,the two persons are depicted with a symbol, e.g.,typical male and female implements or pieces ofclothing. In addition, pictures or real life symbolsare needed to represent total and partial paymentsin cash (e.g., large and small bag of money orpile of coins); typical payments in kind (e.g.,chicken, grain, coconuts, etc. as is locallyappropriate), typical unskilled labor (e.g., digging,carrying construction materials, catering) andtypical local materials that the users may haveprovided in the installation process (e.g., sand,bricks, stones and the like).The facilitator explains that this activity aims tolearn who in the households has contributedwhat to establishing the service. The groups thendiscuss what the cards represent or identify andbring symbols for each kind of contribution bywomen and men. They lay these out in three rowsunder the pictures or symbols of a woman, aman, and a woman and a man together, placedas column headings.Each person in the group then gets as many seeds,pebbles or similar objects as there are types ofcontributions. They place them next to types ofcontribution(s) in any of the three rows: given bythe man or men in the household, the woman orwomen in the household, or the genders/coupletogether. The total number of beans is then copiedon a pictorial copy of the scoring sheet. To structurethe activity, it can be done row by row.77
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SustainabilityPlanning andMonitorin
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SustainabilityPlanning andMonitorin
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PrefaceThe mission of the Water and
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AcknowledgementsThe Participatory L
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4.9 Visualization and self-scoring
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Figure 18 KDP 2 activity cycle with
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THE CHALLENGE OF SUSTAINED WATER SU
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A NEW TOOL FOR PLANNERS AND MANAGER
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THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESSkey va
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THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESSsevera
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THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESS●●
Page 41 and 42: THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESSThe MP
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Page 49 and 50: THE MPA IN ACTIONBox 15 Key element
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Page 57 and 58: THE MPA IN ACTIONvisits and conduct
Page 59 and 60: THE MPA IN ACTIONScoring principles
Page 61 and 62: THE MPA IN ACTION4.10 Quality contr
Page 63 and 64: THE MPA IN ACTIONExperiences with t
Page 65 and 66: THE MPA IN ACTION5Organizing and In
Page 67 and 68: Box 22 Gender and poverty analysis
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Page 109 and 110: Section 2MPAApplication Case Studie
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Page 125 and 126: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICEReality of e
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ADDING ACCOUNTABILITY FOR GENDER EQ
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDMembers
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDFigure 2
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDFigure 2
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARD●●
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDMPA core
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EFFECT OF THE MPA ON GENDER RELATIO
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EFFECT OF THE MPA ON GENDER RELATIO
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ACHIEVING SUSTAINED SANITATION FOR
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HOW WELL DID THOSE DEVELOPMENT PROJ
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HOW WELL DID THOSE DEVELOPMENT PROJ
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Appendix AInstitutions that current
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Appendix BProcess designed forPLA P
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StepNo.7.ProcessAsk “Were users e
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ReferencesBernard, Russel H. (1995)
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Wijk, Christine van. (1998). ‘Gen
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Water and Sanitation ProgramWater S
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