Sustainability Planning and Monitoring

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PARTICIPATORY TOOLS USED IN THE MPA6.4 Transect walk 22 with rating scalesPurposeProcessThe transect walk is used to review the constructionquality and functionality of the water andsanitation services in both the wealthier andpoorer sections of the community, both from theusers’ and external technical specialists’perspectives. The walk also serves to cross-checksome of the information in the community map.During the transect walk, a group of women andmen from the water and sanitation committee andthe different user groups, together with thefacilitators (one of whom is an engineer) visit across-section of the water supply system(s) and thesanitation facilities. It is conducted with male andfemale community members so that it becomesan opportunity to pool outside knowledge withlocal knowledge of the technical aspects.When the community map has been preparedand discussed, it is used to identify a route for awater and sanitation-related transect walk. Theroute has to include the source(s) of the communitywater system(s), the main works and a sample ofdelivery points in different parts of the community,for systematic observations. It has to also includea proportional sample of latrine-owninghouseholds in the different welfare categories andany public sanitation facilities existing in the village.The team of facilitators and local women and menmoves along this route, observing and assessingthe quality of installations using the systemsobservation form and semi-structured interviewguide (available in the MPA fieldbook providedduring training). They employ rating scales using22 Adapted from participatory rural appraisal.70
PARTICIPATORY TOOLS USED IN THE MPAstandard lengths of locally available ropes torecord the assessments of women and men usergroups at public water points about theperformance of the facility in terms of quantity,quality and reliability of water services.For sanitation, the group visits randomly selectedlatrines installed before, during, and after theintervention project. Using a latrine ratingschedule, latrine owners and the team may agreeon a maximum of 10 points for each latrine. Users’assessment of latrine designs, construction andfunctionality is assessed with the rope rating scalein a randomly selected number of householdsowning latrines, and the scores averaged.At the end, the members agree on the overall scoresfor the water supply and sanitation facilities, withthe facilitators ensuring that the views of allmembers count.ResultsThe activity gives insight into the physicalcondition and quality of construction of thewater systems and sanitation facilitiesobserved.Views of different socio-economic groups thatemerge concern use of and access to services,adequacy and regularity of functioning of thesystem, adequacy of operation and maintenance,fairness of fees, and contributions paid for theservice.UseThe transect walk gives information about qualityof works, which is a precondition for properfunctioning. This is then related with theparticipation, and influence, of women and menin design and construction. Through the mixedteam, insights from different groups are pooledand a more complete picture obtained.The interactions with women and men users atwater points during the transect walk yieldinformation about operation, financing andmanagement of the services from theirviewpoints. The same areas are later investigatedin the committee interviews and review ofrecords. Contradictions found should be furtherexplored with tact and sensitivity, as they couldbe indicators of forces hampering equity andtransparency.Visual rating scalesRating scales are administered in separate groups for women andmen. Using a 2-meter piece of rope, a scale is drawn on the ground.The ends are marked with two symbols indicating “fully satisfied” and “not satisfied at all” . The mid-point and quarter points arealso marked to indicate that it is a continuum. The group begins todiscuss the concept being assessed and one volunteer takes up a posititon on the scale to reflect group opinion.The volunteer usually moves back and forth on the line, until the group is satisfied that his or her positionaccurately reflects their collective assessment. The Transect Walk team measures the distance of this positionfrom the zero point (‘not satisfied’) of the scale and records it for each concept and group in accurateproportion in miniature (say 20 centimeters) on sheets of paper. These measurements are then converted toscores, on a 100-point scale, the 20-centimeter length being taken to represent 100 points.Other teams have used a series of drawings of faces in which the expressions range from the deepest sadnessto the highest pleasure for the same type of scoring.71
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SustainabilityPlanning andMonitorin
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PrefaceThe mission of the Water and
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AcknowledgementsThe Participatory L
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4.9 Visualization and self-scoring
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Figure 18 KDP 2 activity cycle with
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THE CHALLENGE OF SUSTAINED WATER SU
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A NEW TOOL FOR PLANNERS AND MANAGER
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Page 35 and 36: THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESSkey va
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Page 41 and 42: THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESSThe MP
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Page 45 and 46: THE MPA IN ACTIONaction points in i
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Page 49 and 50: THE MPA IN ACTIONBox 15 Key element
Page 51 and 52: THE MPA IN ACTIONsuccessful or unsu
Page 53 and 54: THE MPA IN ACTIONexternal facilitat
Page 55 and 56: THE MPA IN ACTIONBox 17 Indicative
Page 57 and 58: THE MPA IN ACTIONvisits and conduct
Page 59 and 60: THE MPA IN ACTIONScoring principles
Page 61 and 62: THE MPA IN ACTION4.10 Quality contr
Page 63 and 64: THE MPA IN ACTIONExperiences with t
Page 65 and 66: THE MPA IN ACTION5Organizing and In
Page 67 and 68: Box 22 Gender and poverty analysis
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Page 109 and 110: Section 2MPAApplication Case Studie
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Page 125 and 126: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICEReality of e
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Table 2WSLIC 2: ADDING POVERTY ACCO
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ADDING ACCOUNTABILITY FOR GENDER EQ
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Table 3 (continued) ADDING PERFORMA
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ADDING ACCOUNTABILITY FOR GENDER EQ
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDMembers
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDFigure 2
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDFigure 2
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARD●●
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDMPA core
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EFFECT OF THE MPA ON GENDER RELATIO
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EFFECT OF THE MPA ON GENDER RELATIO
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ACHIEVING SUSTAINED SANITATION FOR
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HOW WELL DID THOSE DEVELOPMENT PROJ
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HOW WELL DID THOSE DEVELOPMENT PROJ
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Appendix AInstitutions that current
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Appendix BProcess designed forPLA P
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StepNo.7.ProcessAsk “Were users e
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ReferencesBernard, Russel H. (1995)
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Wijk, Christine van. (1998). ‘Gen
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Water and Sanitation ProgramWater S
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Sustainability Planning and Monitoring

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