Sustainability Planning and Monitoring

PARTICIPATORY TOOLS USED IN THE MPAand access to services, but also householdcomposition (such as single parents, bachelorsand old couples), health (such as chronic illness)and psychological characteristics (such as isolation,lack of respect for self and from others).Participants then distribute a number of seeds orsmall stones equal to the total number ofhouseholds in the community over the threepictures to visualize how the three groups arepresent in their community. Alternatively,facilitators provide a set of 100 pebbles/seeds andask the group to make a proportional distributionof the seeds among the three categories, assumingthat the total amount of seeds provided representsthe total polulation. This allows a roughpercentage distribution to emerge, which can beused to identify whether the middle group shouldbe included with the poor or the wealthier, forfocus groups. The group then records the resultingcharacteristics and figures on a large sheet. Theseare kept with the drawings for ready referenceduring later assessments requiring rich/poordifferentiation.ResultsThe activity results in agreed and locally validcriteria for classifying households into upper,intermediate and lower classes and theapproximate distribution of households in thesecategories.UsesThe tool is used in combination with the communitymap (see Section 6.3). Its information serves to:●identify the route of the transect walk and thefocus groups of wealthier and poor womenand men with whom discussions and●●●●assessment activities will later be held, asdescribed in Chapter 4 (Section 4.8, under“Getting representative focus groups”).help the groups that make the community mapto decide which households to mark aswealthier, poor and intermediate. They wouldthen count how many households fall outsidethe areas of access to the improved watersupply, which they mark on the map usingtwine or colored wool, and identify thosehouseholds by welfare category. The data arethen analyzed to see how equitably access isshared and what may be done aboutinequities found.put the numbers of households with andwithout latrines in a matrix across the threewelfare categories, to analyze access tosanitation, identify possible reasons foraccess differentials, and better targetphysical and financial support in case ofnew projects.list the number of women and men in eachcategory who hold paid and unpaid jobsrelated to the water and sanitation services,who received various kinds of training and/orhave positions of influence on servicemanagement committees. This make itpossible to assess gender and social equity inaccess, type of work done and control ofservices.visually depict whether tariffs, and contributionsin cash and kind reflect the socio-economicdifferences in the community and how benefitssuch as proximity to water sources and servicelevels are shared. This facilities planning forsocio-economically fairer divisions of burdensand benefits.65