Sustainability Planning and Monitoring

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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDFigure 23 Benefits of household latrines as perceived by user groups in 37 communities(precentage of total mentions in focus groups)6%2%9%def34%ac22%b27%a - comfort/convenience/protection from rain and sun/save timeb - healthier/protection from disease/reduce diarrheac - clean/hygienic/no odor/clean home and environmentd - safety/protection from danger (animals and insects)e - privacyf - others (reduce animal morbidity/reduce expenditure for treatment of sickness/train children to use latrine)●promotion materials based on localperceptions (see Figure 23).Understanding problems and needs ofcommunities requires quality time andresources: Like other participatory techniques,MPA applications require time and well-trainedfacilitators. The quality of assessment resultsis influenced by the skills of the facilitators wholead this process in the villages. For this study,it took almost six months to develop a trainedteam of 17 members to apply this process in38 villages. The methodology also needs tobe tailored and adapted to the local situationto make the application easier and moreeffective.● Cost-effectiveness of participatoryassessments: Participatory assessments can bevery cost-effective when trained teams extendtheir work to other parts of the country or otherprojects. Also, when the participatoryevaluation is used as the basis for communitylearning and new investments planning, initialpreparatory costs yield high returns for projects.Specific findings onsustainabilitySustainability was assessed using four factors:System quality: quality of design, construction,materials, workmanship.Effective functioning: quality, quantity,reliability, and predictability of water serviceavailable.Effective financing: cost-coverage achieved foroperation and maintenance, regularity anduniversality of user payments.132
LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDFigure 24 System quality100908070Minimum scoreindicatingsustainability60Score50403020100NayongNambakTaohomeBaanNamon NuaBan FaiSidonngeunPhonsavadXiengkieoHokangKuanchanhSomsinsaiPhadaiNon saatHeirHuia PheungKokkongBan MaiNamlinPangkhamVongvilayBungmaPungNahintayKatiupDonemanePhiengngamNammaLayaonuakaoLayaokangBungkeoVongsamphanhMorphuNamtoungTakdadBorpietBan km 19Figure 25 Effective financing100908070Minimum scoreindicatingsustainabilityScore6050403020100Figure 26Effective managementPangkhamVongsamphanhPhiengngamSidonngeunVongvilayBan FaiKokkongLayaokangTaohomeBan MaiDonemaneNambakBungkeoHeirHokangKatiupNammaBaanNayongTakdadXiengkieoBorpietHuia PheungNahintayNamlinNamon NuaNamtoungPhonsavadNonesaatBungmaPhathangKuanchanhSomsinsaiPungLayaonuakaoMorphuBan km 19PhadaiNayongNambakTaohomeBaanNamon NuaBan FaiSidonngeunPhonsavadXiengkieoHokangKuanchanhSomsinsaiPhadaiNon saatHeirHuia PheungKokkongBan MaiNamlinPangkhamVongvilayBungmaPungNahintayKatiupDonemanePhiengngamNammaLayaonuakaoLayaokangBungkeoVongsamphanhMorphuNamtoungTakdadBorpietBan km 19100908070Minimum scoreindicatingsustainability60Score50403020100133
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SustainabilityPlanning andMonitorin
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SustainabilityPlanning andMonitorin
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PrefaceThe mission of the Water and
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AcknowledgementsThe Participatory L
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4.9 Visualization and self-scoring
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Figure 18 KDP 2 activity cycle with
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THE CHALLENGE OF SUSTAINED WATER SU
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A NEW TOOL FOR PLANNERS AND MANAGER
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THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESSkey va
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THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESSsevera
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THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESS●●
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THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESSThe MP
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THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESSsegreg
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THE MPA IN ACTIONaction points in i
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THE MPA IN ACTION●●●●●●
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THE MPA IN ACTIONBox 15 Key element
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THE MPA IN ACTIONsuccessful or unsu
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THE MPA IN ACTIONexternal facilitat
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THE MPA IN ACTIONBox 17 Indicative
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THE MPA IN ACTIONvisits and conduct
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THE MPA IN ACTIONScoring principles
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THE MPA IN ACTION4.10 Quality contr
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THE MPA IN ACTIONExperiences with t
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THE MPA IN ACTION5Organizing and In
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Box 22 Gender and poverty analysis
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ORGANIZING AND INTERPRETING THE DAT
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PARTICIPATORY TOOLS USED IN THE MPA
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Page 97 and 98: PARTICIPATORY TOOLS USED IN THE MPA
Page 109 and 110: Section 2MPAApplication Case Studie
Page 111 and 112: DO PROJECT RULES PROMOTE SUSTAINABI
Page 121 and 122: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICEDANIDA began
Page 123 and 124: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE2. Key findi
Page 125 and 126: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICEReality of e
Page 127 and 128: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICEAdding Accou
Page 129 and 130: ADDING ACCOUNTABILITY FOR GENDER EQ
Page 137 and 138: Table 2WSLIC 2: ADDING POVERTY ACCO
Page 141 and 142: Table 3 (continued) ADDING PERFORMA
Page 145 and 146: LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDMembers
Page 147: LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDFigure 2
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Page 153 and 154: LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDMPA core
Page 155 and 156: EFFECT OF THE MPA ON GENDER RELATIO
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Page 159 and 160: ACHIEVING SUSTAINED SANITATION FOR
Page 161 and 162: HOW WELL DID THOSE DEVELOPMENT PROJ
Page 163 and 164: HOW WELL DID THOSE DEVELOPMENT PROJ
Page 165 and 166: Appendix AInstitutions that current
Page 167 and 168: Appendix BProcess designed forPLA P
Page 169 and 170: StepNo.7.ProcessAsk “Were users e
Page 171 and 172: ReferencesBernard, Russel H. (1995)
Page 173: Wijk, Christine van. (1998). ‘Gen
Page 176: Water and Sanitation ProgramWater S
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