Sustainability Planning and Monitoring

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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDreview of the RWSS situation, Nam Saat preparedand launched in 1997 a RWSS Sector Strategy,that was developed with sector partners, withsupport from the Water and Sanitation Program -East Asia and the Pacific (WSP-EAP). The strategyoutlined a new approach to improve the way watersupply and sanitation services are delivered to ruralcommunities.Guiding principles of thestrategy now beingoperationalizedNam Saat has completed Phase II 45 (1998-2002)of sector reform. The RWSS Sector Strategy outlinesseveral changes to make the delivery of WSSservices to rural communities more sustainable.These changes focus on a demand-basedFigure 20 Annual RWSS cycle• Reviews andConsultations• Monitoring• Evaluations• Case Studies• Pilot Studies• Sector Forums• Exchanges• WATSAN Committee• Constructionmaterials• Hygiene Promotion• Construction ofwater supply andlatrinesEnsure Ensure Ensure Ensure EnsureLearning Learning Learning Learning LearningImplementation Implementation Implementation Implementation Implementation of of of of ofCommunity Community Community Community Community Plans Plans Plans Plans PlansProgram Program Program Program Program Planning Planning Planning Planning Planningand and and and and Operations Operations Operations Operations OperationsCommunityCommunityCommunityCommunityCommunityPlanning Planning Planning Planning Planning• Planning Workshopwith Partners• Training• Work Plans• Operations• Dialogue & DemandAssessments• Choice of options forhygiene, latrine andwater system• Action Plan andAgreementsapproach through increased communitycontributions and local decision making.As compared to the past (when the tendency wasto focus on easily accessible lowland villages andtechnicians deciding specific technologyinterventions for communities), user communitiesare now the decision makers. They are supportedby technicians from Nam Saat and social workers(from Lao Women’s Union, Youth Union, andRural Development Committee), who work togetherto facilitate local decision making based oninformed choices. 46 Both sanitation and watersupply options are now presented in a ladderformat or menu 47 so that people are able tocompare many different options and choose themost affordable and appropriate technology andservice levels for themselves.The guiding principles of the NationalRWSS Sector Strategy include:- National policies and standards- Equity of service- Linking with partners- Bottom-up decentralized planning- Participatory approach- Community management andownership- Gender and cultural sensitivity- Accountability and transparency- Informed choice- Learning processThese principles are summarized in theannual RWSS cycle as illustrated inFigure 20.45 Phase II (1998-2002) of Nam Saat program funded by Swedish International Development CooperationAgency.46 For further information please visit Lao PDR Country page of the http://www.wsp.org website.47 These are options for sanitation and water supply services, starting with minimal cost hardwareinterventions.128
LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDMembers from the followingorganizations were trained in the MPAField assessment study through MPA,Bolikhamxai province, 2001Nam SaatDepartment of Hygiene andDisease PreventionWater Supply AuthorityDept. of Housing andUrban PlanningLao Youth UnionCare InternationalSave the Children, AustraliaQuaker Service LaoEuropean Union6 people3 people2 people1 person1 person1 person1 person1 person1 personAssessing existing servicesin light of the guidingprinciplesDuring April-December 2001 a study was carriedout by Nam Saat to capture learning about howRWSS infrastructure built in the past is beingmanaged and sustained. The aim of thisassessment was to gain experience from projectsthroughout the country supported by thegovernment and various external agencies. Thisexperience is now being integrated into ongoingand future projects to strengthen the Lao guidingprinciples. The assessment was organized by NamSaat and partners with support from WSP-EAPusing the following process:●A consultation workshop took place wheresector partners 48 discussed possible alternativesand decided on the Methodology forParticipatory Assessment (MPA) as the mostappropriate methodology to assess the watersupply and sanitation systems.●MPA training program was conducted in Laosto establish a national core team of trainedprofessionals to conduct this assessment.Included in the training were practical fieldassessments in two villages to provide handsonexperience. The MPA fieldbook was tailoredfor the Lao situation and translated into theLao language. As part of the preparation forthe field assessment study, Nam Saat requestedSample village selection criteria forconducting the MPA study● Major types of technologies used in Laos.● Age of the systems (at least 3 years).● Different types of supporting agencies:(Government, NGOs, external aid agencies,communities, others).● Remoteness from district town (representingzones 0, 1, 2 and 3 depending on time takento access from the district headquarters ).48 The Consultation Workshop took place on 24-26 January, 2001 and partners included Nam Saat, WSP-EAP,UNICEF, Water Supply Authority, Department of Hygiene and Disease Prevention, Lao Women’s Union, LaoYouth Union, selected NGOs and provincial representatives.129
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PrefaceThe mission of the Water and
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AcknowledgementsThe Participatory L
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4.9 Visualization and self-scoring
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Figure 18 KDP 2 activity cycle with
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THE CHALLENGE OF SUSTAINED WATER SU
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A NEW TOOL FOR PLANNERS AND MANAGER
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THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESSkey va
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THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESSThe MP
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THE MPA IN ACTIONaction points in i
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THE MPA IN ACTIONBox 15 Key element
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THE MPA IN ACTIONsuccessful or unsu
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THE MPA IN ACTIONexternal facilitat
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THE MPA IN ACTIONBox 17 Indicative
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THE MPA IN ACTIONvisits and conduct
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THE MPA IN ACTIONScoring principles
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THE MPA IN ACTIONExperiences with t
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THE MPA IN ACTION5Organizing and In
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Box 22 Gender and poverty analysis
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ORGANIZING AND INTERPRETING THE DAT
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PARTICIPATORY TOOLS USED IN THE MPA
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Page 171 and 172: ReferencesBernard, Russel H. (1995)
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