Sustainability Planning and Monitoring

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A NEW TOOL FOR PLANNERS AND MANAGERS OF LARGE CDD PROGRAMSFigure 2 The process of an increasingly specific focusIn an openmeeting, womenand men identify,with the help ofdrawings of poorand wealthierhouseholds, thecharacteristics oflow, medium andupper classhouseholds in theircommunity.In an openThe facilitators usemeeting, thethe map to plan agroup draws atransect walk to asocial map of thesample of watercommunity. Theyuse their readingsof the three classespoints and meet> > >with groups ofwomen and mento mark the socioeconomiclevel ofthe system toat various points inthe households. In assess the qualitythe map, theyof the service.delineate theThey also meethouseholds withwith women andand withoutmen in theaccess, or withunserved area.poor access to theservice.The facilitators usethe map toorganize separatemeetings withwomen and menfrom poor andwealthier/middleclass households.In these meetings,the groups assesstheir participation,sharing of benefitsand contributions,use of services,and impacts ontheir lives.Practicing gender and poverty sensitiveness is part of training and field procedures.●●●to what extent the demands of each groupare met;how access to water and the benefits andburdens from, and control over, localparticipation and management are dividedbetween the socio-economic groups andbetween women and men;the relationship of these divisions with thesustainability and use of the water supply andimproved sanitation.Other differences on which hierarchies anddiscrimination are based, such as caste, ethnicity,religion, and nationality, may be taken intoaccount locally. Being situation-specific, they havenot been highlighted here.2.3.4 Empowerment through selfassessmentand actionThe MPA differs from many other gender andsocial analysis frameworks in that local womenand men participate in the analysis of equityand sustainability in a gender- and povertysensitive,empowering mode. A systematicprocedure enhances the participation of allstakeholder groups in the process, as illustratedin Figure 2.All of these potential benefits can be realized only if the MPA application is tailored to the projectand the purpose for which it is used, with attention and resources being devoted to qualityassurance mechanisms, as explained in Chapter 4.16
A NEW TOOL FOR PLANNERS AND MANAGERS OF LARGE CDD PROGRAMS2.4 What do MPAassessments cost?Typically, using the MPA for sustainabilityassessment requires two facilitators that spend aminimum of four to five days in a village, and atleast one day in a stakeholder meeting at districtor province level. This does not include time forplanning, data analysis, and reporting, whichwould vary with the size of the project, objectivesof assessment and therefore, the required sample.Generally, MPA assessments for project design mayrequire a sample of only a few communities whichtogether represent the major design-influencingvariables for a new project, e.g., geo-hydrologicalconditions or relative poverty and diarrhealmorbility rates. Using the MPA for micro-planningcommunity interventions implies assessments inevery project community, and their costs shouldbe built into routine project implementationprocedures. Monitoring and evaluationapplications are likely to use stratified or purposivesampling of 5-10 percent of all projectcommunities at similar points in the project cycle.Following the global assessments, the MPA is nowbeing applied on a larger scale. Budgets preparedfor its application for planning and monitoring ina large scale project in Indonesia suggest thatcosts of the MPA can be comparable to those ofother community-based approaches, when theMPA is integrated in project implementation. TheMPA seems to best fit projects aiming atcommunity-driven development, which typicallyallocate 20-30 percent of total project costs tosoftware investments.More cost-related information can be found inSection 2, in the case studies from Lao PDR andIndonesia - the Flores project evaluation.17
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Page 6 and 7: PrefaceThe mission of the Water and
Page 8 and 9: AcknowledgementsThe Participatory L
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Page 14 and 15: Figure 18 KDP 2 activity cycle with
Page 17 and 18: THE CHALLENGE OF SUSTAINED WATER SU
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Page 35 and 36: THE MPA FRAMEWORK AND PROCESSkey va
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Page 49 and 50: THE MPA IN ACTIONBox 15 Key element
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Page 57 and 58: THE MPA IN ACTIONvisits and conduct
Page 59 and 60: THE MPA IN ACTIONScoring principles
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Page 65 and 66: THE MPA IN ACTION5Organizing and In
Page 67 and 68: Box 22 Gender and poverty analysis
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PARTICIPATORY TOOLS USED IN THE MPA
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Section 2MPAApplication Case Studie
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DO PROJECT RULES PROMOTE SUSTAINABI
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FROM THEORY TO PRACTICEDANIDA began
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FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE2. Key findi
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FROM THEORY TO PRACTICEReality of e
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FROM THEORY TO PRACTICEAdding Accou
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ADDING ACCOUNTABILITY FOR GENDER EQ
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Table 2WSLIC 2: ADDING POVERTY ACCO
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Table 3 (continued) ADDING PERFORMA
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDMembers
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDFigure 2
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDFigure 2
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARD●●
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LOOKING BACK TO SEE FORWARDMPA core
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EFFECT OF THE MPA ON GENDER RELATIO
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EFFECT OF THE MPA ON GENDER RELATIO
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ACHIEVING SUSTAINED SANITATION FOR
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HOW WELL DID THOSE DEVELOPMENT PROJ
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HOW WELL DID THOSE DEVELOPMENT PROJ
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Appendix AInstitutions that current
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Appendix BProcess designed forPLA P
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StepNo.7.ProcessAsk “Were users e
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ReferencesBernard, Russel H. (1995)
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Wijk, Christine van. (1998). ‘Gen
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Water and Sanitation ProgramWater S
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