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all crossings and borders, there were also no escape routes to exit Gaza.• The FFM encountered numerous cases in which double or multiple consecutivestrikes on a single location led to multiple civilian casualties and to injuries anddeaths among rescuers.• In addition, the FFM encountered numerous examples of the denial ofcoordination of medical evacuation and attacks on medical teams and facilities.It is not clear whether such contravention of medical neutrality was the result ofa policy established by senior decision-makers, a general permissive atmosphereleading to the flouting of norms, or the result of individual choices made on theground during armed clashes.• In the particular case of Khuza’a, the FFM also received evidence indicatinghuman rights violations by specific troops in the area, including denial of medicalcare despite eye-contact between the troops and the injured person/s, shootingof civilians at short and medium range by individual soldiers using light arms,and abuse and ill-treatment during occupation of residential buildings, includingthe use of civilians as human shields and practices that could amount to cruel,inhuman or degrading treatment (CIDT) or even torture.The FFM contends that each of the above findings requires further investigation bythe international human rights community. In other words, the FFM calls for theconduct of all members at all levels of the Israeli government and military - and of allother parties to this armed conflict - to be investigated in a credible and transparentmanner, and for those responsible for such violations to be held to account. Thefact that the government of Israel prevented swift access of external investigatorsto the Gaza Strip following the ceasefire of 26 August 2014 adds to the urgency ofthis recommendation. The FFM also calls upon the UN, the EU, the US and otherinternational actors to take steps to ensure that the governments of Israel andEgypt permit and facilitate the entry of such investigative teams, which must includeexperts in international human rights law and in conventional and non-conventionalweapons. The delays introduced by the government of Israel notwithstanding, it isessential that a wide range of external authorities be given access to the facts of thisconflict and be allowed to sift through the evidence that still exists in the Gaza Strip.In relation to such an investigation, the FFM draws attention to the independenceand credibility of local Palestinian civil society groups such as Al Mezan, PCHR, GCMHPand PMRS, and encourages the international community to support and recognizetheir efforts to collate evidence in Gaza, in order to proceed with legal and/or otherremedies as well as to seek justice and/or reparations.2. Health and its social determinantsIn addition, the FFM recommends urgent and rigorous investigation into the impactof this war, as well as the previous armed conflicts, on public health, mental healthand the broader social determinants of health in Gaza:99