Juliano et al. - 1993 - Grain Quality Evaluation of World Rices

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Introduction D ata bases are available for grain characteristics of market samples in some rice-consuming countries (RCMD 1987, 1989; Rivenburgh 1961, Simpson et al 1965) and of germplasm collections (IITA 1985, IRRI 1990). Juliano and Pascual (1980) have the only data base for rice quality in some countries. In this book, all countries producing 0.1% or more of the world's rice are included along with quality information (when available), rice production data, and per capita milled rice supply from FAO. Grain quality is second only to yield potential as the major breeding objective (Table 1) for the 11 countries responding to a 1990 survey of national rice programs (Juliano and Duff 1991). Apparent amylose content is the major factor influencing cooking and eating quality of milled rice. Alkali spreading value and GC can distinguish rices with similar AC, particularly waxy and high-amylose rices (Table 2). Amylograph pasting viscosity indicates changes in texture during cooking. Many factors affect peak viscosity, but Amylograph setback and consistency relate to cooked rice hardening during cooling. Cooked rice hardness and stickiness are also important grain quality indicators. Milled rice length and width help to completely characterize grain size and shape. Data for each sample are alphabetically listed and ordered chronologically for each variety. Variety names are cross-referenced when listed under an equivalent name in the same or a different country. Water regime data (upland, irrigated, deepwater, rainfed lowland, tidal wetlands, and hydromorphic) are included when available. Only 4% of total rice production enters the world market. Some national programs have considered exporting their excess production. They often do not fully understand, however, the competitiveness of the world market and stringent quality requirements, particularly on contaminants (Efferson 1985). In Hongkong, for example, consumers
Table 1. Priority given to grain quality, yield potential, and other plant properties in some national rice breeding programs. IRRI, 1990. Priority a given to Country Grain Yield Resistance to Tolerance for Direct quality potential seeding Diseases Insects Diseases Lodging Drought Cold Adverse and insects soils Bangladesh China Japan Super-rice Program Republic of Korea (Suweon) Republic of Korea (Milyang) Madagascar Malaysia Overall breeding Grain quality breeding Myanmar Philippines Irrigated Upland Taiwan, China Thailand b USA Total 1 4 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 1 6 3.5 3.5 1 0 5 0 0 0 2 1 0 3 2 0 0 0 4.5 4.5 0 1 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 1.5 0 0 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 5 4 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 5 4 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 2.5 0 0 0 0 2.5 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 33.5 38.5 19.5 11 15 6 5 9.5 4.5 5.5 a The highest number has the highest priority. b lmprovement of cultural practices was listed as the first priority item.
Page 2 and 3: Grain Quality Evaluation of World R
Page 4 and 5: Contents Foreword vii Abstract viii
Page 6: Russia 61 Spain 62 Summary 63 Afric
Page 9 and 10: Abstract P hysicochemical data on p
Page 15: Table 2. Classification of properti
Page 18 and 19: (100:2 w/w) using a Labconco or Kin
Page 20 and 21: Gel consistency Rice flour prepared
Page 22 and 23: excessive pressure on the load cell
Page 24 and 25: Asia I n 1989, Asia produced 449.3
Page 27 and 28: Most Bangladeshi rice varieties are
Page 29 and 30: Cambodia A nnual rough rice product
Page 31 and 32: Type III, high-AC rice, has low wat
Page 33 and 34: Iran T he rough rice production in
Page 35 and 36: The Korean varieties had low-interm
Page 37 and 38: Serendah Kuning had high AC, with e
Page 39 and 40: all had low AC (except for Khaupher
Page 41 and 42: Philippines T he Philippines produc
Page 43 and 44: elatively low AC (Y.C. Teng, Counci
Page 45 and 46: other market samples had low AC, ex
Page 47 and 48: Summary Medium grains predominate i
Page 49 and 50: Grain length and width were negativ
Page 51: Table 6. Protein content and classi
Page 54 and 55: (Dalrymple 1986). A market sample o
Page 56 and 57: ack ( r = 0.89*) and peak viscosity
Page 58 and 59: IRRI analyses confirmed Webb's phys
Page 60 and 61: BraziI A nnual rough rice productio
Page 62 and 63:
long, slender grain and translucenc
Page 64 and 65:
Rices from Paraguay had mostly high
Page 66 and 67:
Venezuela R ough rice production in
Page 69 and 70:
Europe E urope produced 2.2 million
Page 72 and 73:
France F rance produced 96,000 t of
Page 74 and 75:
no aroma. A market sample of short-
Page 76 and 77:
low GT, and mainly soft GC (Table 7
Page 78:
Summary The japonica type varieties
Page 81:
Table 8. Protein content and classi
Page 84 and 85:
setback ( r = 0.92**, n = 12) and c
Page 86 and 87:
Suakoko 8, well-suited for cultivat
Page 88 and 89:
unpubl. data). Protein content was
Page 90 and 91:
Sierra Leone R ough rice production
Page 92 and 93:
Summary High-AC rices predominate i
Page 94 and 95:
Table 9. Classification of O. glabe
Page 96:
Table 11. Summary of protein conten
Page 99 and 100:
References cited Adewusi A O, Nyant
Page 101 and 102:
Juliano B O (1985) Criteria and tes
Page 103 and 104:
Acknowledgments The data on propert
Page 105 and 106:
France — Laboratoire de Cereales,
Page 107 and 108:
Sources of 1990 grain quality infor
Page 109 and 110:
Cross reference index of variety na
Page 111 and 112:
Acronyms of rice varieties/lines Co
Page 113 and 114:
H H H HSC IAC ICA ICTA IET IGP INIA
Page 115 and 116:
RP RPW RTN RU S SL SLU SML SPR SR T
Page 117:
Appendix Quality characteristics of
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Date Amy- Alkali Gel Amylograph vis
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Date Crop analyzed year (mo) (yr) A
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Date Amy- Alkali Gel AMylograph vis
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Crop year Date analyzed (mo) (yr) A
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