Juliano et al. - 1993 - Grain Quality Evaluation of World Rices

General discussion and conclusions
Grain properties are summarized by continent. Milled rice has a mean
protein content of 7.3% (Table 11). High AC predominates over intermediate
and low AC in all continents except Europe. Low GT is more
prevalent than intermediate GT. Soft GC is more prevalent than medium
and hard GC, except in Africa, which has hard GC.
More people prefer intermediate AC than other AC types (Table 12)
based on the grain quality preference of cooked rice being soft but not
very sticky. Thus, the analyzed major varieties that are often recommended
based on overall performance do not always reflect the
preferred grain quality types. This trend becomes obvious when an
AC scattergram (from Tables 5-8) is compared with the preferred AC
type based on grain quality (Table 12). Wide variation in quality
preferences within a country or region of a country is evident for Brazil,
China, India, Madagascar, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, and USA.
All grain size and shape types are represented, except round shape.
Medium-sized grain has plurality over long grains. Short and medium
shape predominates, followed by slender, and then bold. Extra long
grain is important mainly in Surinam. Long slender grain is important
in the Americas and in exporting countries such as Myanmar, Thailand,
Pakistan, and Vietnam. Medium grain has plurality in Africa, but
grain size differs widely among the countries sampled. Medium and
short grains are important in Asia and Europe: medium grains in
Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, West Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan,
Philippines, and Turkey; short grains in Bangladesh; Bhutan; China;
Japan; Republic of Korea; China-Taiwan; and Vietnam (traditional
varieties); and both types in Sri Lanka. In Europe, long grain is the
major type in Hungary; medium grain in France, Greece, Italy, and
Portugal; and short grain in Bulgaria, Russia, and Spain.
The correlation of Amylograph setback with Amylograph consistency
is deleted from country discussions. Forty-two countries/locations
have positive correlations significant at the 1% level and three
others at the 5% level. Amylose content-Amylograph setback correlations
are significant in 41 locations; AC-Amylograph consistency
and GC-cooked rice hardness in 38; AC-cooked rice hardness and
Amylograph setback-cooked rice hardness in 33; AC-GC in 30; GC-
Amylograph consistency in 29; Amylograph consistency-cooked rice