Juliano et al. - 1993 - Grain Quality Evaluation of World Rices

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Sukhimay, and Chirang Baghey had intermediate AC, low GT, and hard GC. The samples also differed widely in Amylograph viscosity, cooked rice Instron hardness, and grain dimensions. Red rices were Djambaran red, Paro Dumja, Paro Maap, Punakha Maap, Thimphu Maap, Thimphu Dumja, and Wangdi Maap. Grains were mainly short to medium in length, and bold to medium in shape. Milled rice length and width were negatively correlated ( r = –0.77**, n = 37). Amylose content correlated significantly with cooked rice hardness ( r = 0.69**, n = 23), GC ( r = 0.47**, n = 40), and Amylograph setback ( r = 0.81**, n = 14) and consistency ( r = 0.64*). Gel consistency and alkali spreading value were negatively correlated ( r = –0.52**, n = 40). Brunei Darussalam B runei Darussalam produced about 750 t rough rice in 1989 (FAO 1990b). Milled rice consumption in 1979-81 was estimated at 95 kg/capita per year (FAO 1984) and 82 kg in 1986- 88 (FAO 1990a). The principal variety was the slender grained aromatic variety Disobok (O.-J. Hong, Kilanas Agricultural Research Centre, 1990, pers. commun.). IRRI analysis showed Disobok to have intermediate AC, low GT, and medium GC (Appendix). High-intermediate AC, low GT, and hard-medium GC predominated (Table 5). Most samples were Malaysian (MR73-MR101) and had intermediate AC, except for Lumut with 9.7% AC (Appendix). Lumut had high-intermediate GT and medium GC. Disobok had 25% amylose and softer cooked rice than the MR rices. 00.55/1 had a very high protein content of 13.5%. The MR varieties had L-W ratios of more than three and were longer than Disobok. Lumut had the shortest grain and the softest cooked rice. Long- and mediumlength slender grained rices predominated. Cooked rice hardness (n = 11) correlated significantly with AC ( r = 0.85**), alkali spreading value ( r = 0.82**), and Amylograph setback ( r = 0.92**) and consistency ( r = 0.71*), but not with GC ( r = –0.16). Amylose content and alkali spreading value were correlated ( r = 0.79**). Amylose content also correlated with Amylograph setback ( r = 0.70*) and consistency ( r = 0.61*). Alkali spreading value correlated with Amylograph setback ( r = 0.64*) and peak viscosity ( r = –0.71*) Milled rice length correlated with alkali spreading value ( r = 0.82**), cooked rice hardness ( r = 0.70*, and AC ( r = 0.63*). Asia 15
Cambodia A nnual rough rice production in Cambodia in 1989 was 2.1 million t (FAO 1990b). Annual consumption of milled rice per capita in 1975-77 was 139 kg (IRRI 1991); per capita supply in 1986-88 was 163 kg (FAO 1990a, IRRI 1991). Most 1989 varieties had high AC, low GT, and variable GC (Table 5). Low-AC rices, such as Chhuthana and DID, were represented in earlier samples (Appendix). Chhuthana had intermediate AC in 1988 samples, but Neang Mon still had low AC. Some of the earlier samples had high-intermediate GT. Most were less than 7 mm long, except Banla Phadu and Neang Mon. Grain size and shape were predominantly medium. Neang Mon had the softest cooked rice, followed by San Leaw and Phkar Sla. Cooked rice hardness correlated significantly with Amylograph setback ( r = 0.92**, n = 20) and consistency ( r = 0.89**), and AC ( r = 0.76**). Amylose content correlated with Amylograph setback ( r = 0.81**, n = 25) and consistency ( r = 0.89**). Alkali spreading value also correlated with Amylograph setback ( r = 0.65**, n = 25) and consistency ( r = 0.64**). China C hina produced the most rough rice in the world in 1989— 180.1 million t (FAO 1990b). Annual milled rice consumption in 1979-81 was 86 kg/capita (FAO 1984) and 111 kg/capita (Duff 1991) or 113.4 kg/capita (RCMD 1989) in 1988. Available rice supply in 1986-88 was 104 kg/capita based on the FAO (1990a) food balance sheet. Hybrids account for 45% of production and 25-30% of the rice area (RCMD 1989). The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture considers rice to be of high grain quality if it has good total and head rice yield, translucency, and at least 7% protein for japonica and 8% for indica (Y.K. Luo, Cereal Chemistry Department, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China, 1990, pers. commun.) Japonica rices are grown in the north, indica rices in the south, and both in the central regions. Good quality indicas have alkali spreading value >4. They are classified as grade 1 when grain length is 6.6-7.0 mm, L-W ratio >3.0, AC 17-22%, and GC >60 mm, and as grade 2 when grain length is 5.6-6.5 mm, L-W ratio 2.5-3.0, AC 23-25% or
Page 2 and 3: Grain Quality Evaluation of World R
Page 4 and 5: Contents Foreword vii Abstract viii
Page 6: Russia 61 Spain 62 Summary 63 Afric
Page 9 and 10: Abstract P hysicochemical data on p
Page 12 and 13: Introduction D ata bases are availa
Page 15: Table 2. Classification of properti
Page 18 and 19: (100:2 w/w) using a Labconco or Kin
Page 20 and 21: Gel consistency Rice flour prepared
Page 22 and 23: excessive pressure on the load cell
Page 24 and 25: Asia I n 1989, Asia produced 449.3
Page 27: Most Bangladeshi rice varieties are
Page 31 and 32: Type III, high-AC rice, has low wat
Page 33 and 34: Iran T he rough rice production in
Page 35 and 36: The Korean varieties had low-interm
Page 37 and 38: Serendah Kuning had high AC, with e
Page 39 and 40: all had low AC (except for Khaupher
Page 41 and 42: Philippines T he Philippines produc
Page 43 and 44: elatively low AC (Y.C. Teng, Counci
Page 45 and 46: other market samples had low AC, ex
Page 47 and 48: Summary Medium grains predominate i
Page 49 and 50: Grain length and width were negativ
Page 51: Table 6. Protein content and classi
Page 54 and 55: (Dalrymple 1986). A market sample o
Page 56 and 57: ack ( r = 0.89*) and peak viscosity
Page 58 and 59: IRRI analyses confirmed Webb's phys
Page 60 and 61: BraziI A nnual rough rice productio
Page 62 and 63: long, slender grain and translucenc
Page 64 and 65: Rices from Paraguay had mostly high
Page 66 and 67: Venezuela R ough rice production in
Page 69 and 70: Europe E urope produced 2.2 million
Page 72 and 73: France F rance produced 96,000 t of
Page 74 and 75: no aroma. A market sample of short-
Page 76 and 77: low GT, and mainly soft GC (Table 7
Page 78:
Summary The japonica type varieties
Page 81:
Table 8. Protein content and classi
Page 84 and 85:
setback ( r = 0.92**, n = 12) and c
Page 86 and 87:
Suakoko 8, well-suited for cultivat
Page 88 and 89:
unpubl. data). Protein content was
Page 90 and 91:
Sierra Leone R ough rice production
Page 92 and 93:
Summary High-AC rices predominate i
Page 94 and 95:
Table 9. Classification of O. glabe
Page 96:
Table 11. Summary of protein conten
Page 99 and 100:
References cited Adewusi A O, Nyant
Page 101 and 102:
Juliano B O (1985) Criteria and tes
Page 103 and 104:
Acknowledgments The data on propert
Page 105 and 106:
France — Laboratoire de Cereales,
Page 107 and 108:
Sources of 1990 grain quality infor
Page 109 and 110:
Cross reference index of variety na
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Acronyms of rice varieties/lines Co
Page 113 and 114:
H H H HSC IAC ICA ICTA IET IGP INIA
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RP RPW RTN RU S SL SLU SML SPR SR T
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Appendix Quality characteristics of
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Date Amy- Alkali Gel Amylograph vis
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Date Crop analyzed year (mo) (yr) A
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Date Amy- Alkali Gel AMylograph vis
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Crop year Date analyzed (mo) (yr) A
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Juliano et al. - 1993 - Grain Quality Evaluation of World Rices

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