Juliano et al. - 1993 - Grain Quality Evaluation of World Rices

BraziI
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nnual
rough rice production in Brazil in 1989 was 11.0
million t (FAO 1990b). Annual consumption of milled rice per
capita was 42 kg in 1979-81 (IRRI 1991). Mean milled rice
supply per capita in 1986-88 was 43 kg/ yr (FAO 1990a). There is
increasing preference, particularly in urban centers, for fine longgrained
type instead of coarse (upland) type. These are translucent,
nonaromatic, and soft-cooking rices that stay soft even after cooling.
The long-grained varieties have high or intermediate AC and low GT
(P.S. Carmona, Instituto Rio Grandense do Arroz, and E. da Maia de
Castro, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Arroz e Feijao, EMBRAPA,
1990, pers. commun).
Major varieties (80%) are IRGA409 and IRGA410 in the 40% irrigated
rice area in the South and Southeast. Bluebelle, CICA8, Metica 1,
and MG1 are also planted. In the 60% upland areas, varieties IAC25,
IAC47, IAC164, Cuiabana, and Araguaia are important in the central,
western, and northern/northeastern zones. The major (70%) upland
areas in the central part are planted to Araguaia, Rio Paranaiba, Guarani,
IAC25, Douradao, IAC47, IAC165, and IAPAR9.
Peole in the central and southern areas prefer long-grained rices
but those in the northern and northeastern areas have no grain shape
preference. IA25, IAC47, and IAC165 are the varieties found in
northern and northeastern Brazil. Big city consumers are starting to
prefer long-grained, nonaromatic, soft rice with high translucency.
Imported japonica IAC65 is an important variety in Sao Paolo. Market
samples had high AC (RCMD 1987).
Brazilian rices were all nonwaxy AC types, with mainly low GT
and variable GC (Table 6). All of the irrigated rices mentioned above
had high AC, low GT, and hard GC except Bluebelle, which had
intermediate AC and GT and medium-soft AC (Appendix). Many lowand
intermediate-AC rices were also evaluated. Low GT and hard GC
predominated (Table 6). All of the IRGA varieties had high AC, except
IRGA407 and IRGA411 with low AC, and IRGA408 with intermediate
AC. Upland rices IAC25, IAC47, IAC164, Araguaia, and Cuiabana had
intermediate AC; Douradao, Cabacu, and Rio Paranaiba had low AC,
and Guarani, high AC. Softest cooked rices were Douradao, Cabacu,
and Bico Torto (low AC). The hardest cooked rice samples were
IRGA412 and IRGA414. Grain length was mainly long; shape was
mainly medium or slender. Coarse grain samples included Pacha
Murcha, Guapore, Caloro, and Batatais; only Caloro was bold.
46 Grain quality evaluation of world rices