Juliano et al. - 1993 - Grain Quality Evaluation of World Rices

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(r = –0.55**, n = 239). Amylograph setback correlated with alkali spreading value ( r = 0.45**, n = 212) and GC ( r = –0.46**, n = 144). Sri Lanka A nnual rough rice production in Sri Lanka was 2.1 million t in 1989 (FAO 1990b). Annual consumption of milled rice per capita in 1979-81 was 95 kg (FAO 1984). Milled rice supply per capita in 1986-88 was 101 kg (FAO 1990a, IRRI 1991). Parboiled rice is preferred in most of the country, except in the south (RCMD 1987). Bg34-8, Bg94-1, and Bg276-5 (3-3.5-mo rices) comprised 52% of the total rice area in 1982-83 (Dalrymple 1986). Bg11-11, Bg90-2, Bg379-2, and Bg400-1 are 4-4.5-mo varieties; Bg3-5 is 5-6 mo. Consumers in Kandy district prefer undermilled red parboiled rice with medium grain size (Breckenridge 1979). A local red and a white milled rice from the market had high AC and intermediate GT (RCMD 1987). Grains had short or medium length and medium or bold shape. Roundish milled (short bold) grains about 4 mm long and 2.3-3.1 mm wide characterized Podiwi A-8 and Bgl1-11 (Appendix). These samba varieties were probably priced over the medium-sized and -shaped grain varieties because of intermediate GT, medium-soft GC, and roundish shape. All had high AC. Many of the varieties had red pericarp (such as H-4). Varieties differed in Amylograph viscosity and cooked rice hardness, despite the narrow AC range (Table 5). Some did not show distinct Amylograph peak viscosity but instead reached a plateau even less than 500 BU. Cooked rice hardness correlated with stickiness (r = –0.71**, n = 31). Protein content correlated with grain length (r = –0.53**, n = 30), Amylograph peakviscosity (r = –0.44**, n = 46) and setback (r = 0.52**), and cooked rice stickiness (r = –0.48**, n = 31). Grain length correlated with Amylograph peak viscosity (r = 0.54**, n = 22). Taiwan, China T aiwan, China, produced 2.4 million t of rice in 1989 (FAO 1990b). About 89% was short-grained japonica with relatively low AC. Only 3.6% was waxy rice, and the rest, indica rice (Huang 1987). Per capita consumption of milled rice was 133 kg in 1964-66,105 kg in 1980, and 85 kg in 1986 (Huang 1987) and in 1988 (Duff 1991). The population prefers short-grained japonica rice with Asia 29
elatively low AC (Y.C. Teng, Council of Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Division, Taipei, Taiwan, 1990, pers. commun.). Varieties with high milling yield, good appearance, and low AC include Tainan 9, Taiken 1, Taiken 2, Taichung 189, Tainung Sen 20, Taichung Sen 10, and Taisen 1 (Song 1990). Indica rices (Tainung Sen 20, Taichung Sen 10, Taisen 1) usually have 2% more protein than japonica rices (Tainan 9, Taiken 1, Taiken 2, Taichung 189). These rices all have low AC, low GT, and soft GC, unlike the earlier native indica varieties, such as Taichung Native 1, that have high AC, hard GC, and low GT. Market samples of japonica and indica rices (two of each) had low AC and low GT (RCMD 1987). Low AC, low GT, and soft GC predominated in rice samples (Table 5). Analyses confirmed the low AC of the new native indica varieties (Appendix) although they still had longer grains (medium length and size) than japonicas (short, bold grain) (TCA 1987). Grains of indica waxy rices were still longer than those of waxy japonicas. Even among waxy rices, indicas Taichung Sen Glutinous 1 and Tainung Sen Glutinous 2 had harder cooked rice and higher protein than japonica rices Taichung Glutinous 70 and Tainan Glutinous Yu 7 (Appendix). Indicas in China also had higher protein content than japonicas. Grain length and width were negatively correlated ( r = –0.85**, n = 42). Cooked rice hardness correlated significantly with stickiness ( r = –0.86**, n = 14), and GC ( r = –0.70**, n = 30). Amylose content correlated significantly with Amylograph setback ( r = 0.57**, n = 40) and consistency ( r = 0.78**, n = 40), and GC ( r = –0.65**, n = 58). Thailand A nnual rough rice production in Thailand was 21.3 million t in 1989 (FAO 1990b). Annual per capita consumption of milled rice in 1979-81 was 145 kg (FAO 1984) and 153 kg in 1988 (Duff 1991). Milled rice supply per capita in 1986-88 was 135 kg (FAO 1990a, IRRI 1991) . Long (>7 mm), slender grains are preferred (Kongseree 1979). Principal varieties are Khao Dawk Mali 105 (low AC, aromatic), RD7 (intermediate AC), and Leuang Pra Tew 123 (high AC) in the central region; Khao Dawk Mali 105, RD6 (waxy, aromatic), and RD15 (low amylose, aromatic) in the north; and Khao Dawk Mali 105 and RD15 in the northeast (N. Kongseree, Pathum Thani Rice Research Center, 1990, pers. commun.). RD15 is similar to Khao Dawk Mali 105 in quality. Thai export rices vary in AC as raw rice but have mainly intermediate and 30 Grain quality evaluation of world rices
Page 2 and 3: Grain Quality Evaluation of World R
Page 4 and 5: Contents Foreword vii Abstract viii
Page 6: Russia 61 Spain 62 Summary 63 Afric
Page 9 and 10: Abstract P hysicochemical data on p
Page 12 and 13: Introduction D ata bases are availa
Page 15: Table 2. Classification of properti
Page 18 and 19: (100:2 w/w) using a Labconco or Kin
Page 20 and 21: Gel consistency Rice flour prepared
Page 22 and 23: excessive pressure on the load cell
Page 24 and 25: Asia I n 1989, Asia produced 449.3
Page 27 and 28: Most Bangladeshi rice varieties are
Page 29 and 30: Cambodia A nnual rough rice product
Page 31 and 32: Type III, high-AC rice, has low wat
Page 33 and 34: Iran T he rough rice production in
Page 35 and 36: The Korean varieties had low-interm
Page 37 and 38: Serendah Kuning had high AC, with e
Page 39 and 40: all had low AC (except for Khaupher
Page 41: Philippines T he Philippines produc
Page 45 and 46: other market samples had low AC, ex
Page 47 and 48: Summary Medium grains predominate i
Page 49 and 50: Grain length and width were negativ
Page 51: Table 6. Protein content and classi
Page 54 and 55: (Dalrymple 1986). A market sample o
Page 56 and 57: ack ( r = 0.89*) and peak viscosity
Page 58 and 59: IRRI analyses confirmed Webb's phys
Page 60 and 61: BraziI A nnual rough rice productio
Page 62 and 63: long, slender grain and translucenc
Page 64 and 65: Rices from Paraguay had mostly high
Page 66 and 67: Venezuela R ough rice production in
Page 69 and 70: Europe E urope produced 2.2 million
Page 72 and 73: France F rance produced 96,000 t of
Page 74 and 75: no aroma. A market sample of short-
Page 76 and 77: low GT, and mainly soft GC (Table 7
Page 78: Summary The japonica type varieties
Page 81: Table 8. Protein content and classi
Page 84 and 85: setback ( r = 0.92**, n = 12) and c
Page 86 and 87: Suakoko 8, well-suited for cultivat
Page 88 and 89: unpubl. data). Protein content was
Page 90 and 91: Sierra Leone R ough rice production
Page 92 and 93:
Summary High-AC rices predominate i
Page 94 and 95:
Table 9. Classification of O. glabe
Page 96:
Table 11. Summary of protein conten
Page 99 and 100:
References cited Adewusi A O, Nyant
Page 101 and 102:
Juliano B O (1985) Criteria and tes
Page 103 and 104:
Acknowledgments The data on propert
Page 105 and 106:
France — Laboratoire de Cereales,
Page 107 and 108:
Sources of 1990 grain quality infor
Page 109 and 110:
Cross reference index of variety na
Page 111 and 112:
Acronyms of rice varieties/lines Co
Page 113 and 114:
H H H HSC IAC ICA ICTA IET IGP INIA
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RP RPW RTN RU S SL SLU SML SPR SR T
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Appendix Quality characteristics of
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Date Amy- Alkali Gel Amylograph vis
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Date Crop analyzed year (mo) (yr) A
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Date Amy- Alkali Gel AMylograph vis
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Crop year Date analyzed (mo) (yr) A
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