POLLINATORS POLLINATION AND FOOD PRODUCTION

THE ASSESSMENT REPORT ON POLLINATORS, POLLINATION AND FOOD PRODUCTION
All estimates were converted into US dollars using average annual spot exchange rates from the Bank of England (Bank of England, 2015). These dollar estimates were inflated
to 2015 US$ using Consumer Price Index (CPI) data from the United Stated Federal Government’s Bureau of Labour and Statistics (BLS, 2015a, Table 24). Inflation was based
on the CPI for July of the year the estimate was related to compared with the CPI in July 2015 (BLS 2015b, Table 1). If this year was not stated, then they were assumed to be
the year before the study was published. These inflations only represent a change in the value of currency and do not capture any changes such as the relative input prices,
price controls or subsidies. Note that the value of $1 will still vary between countries based on their purchase power piety (see Section 3).
TABLE 4.11
Summary of the estimates of the economic value of pollination service to apple in 2015 $USD per hectare
Study Region Crops Method Year 2015US$/ha
Mouton (2011) South Africa Apples (Granny smith) Yield Analysis 2007/08 $18,216
Garratt et al (2014) UK Apples (Cox and Gala) Yield Analysis 2010 $20,199-$25,201
Gianni et al (2015) Brazil Apples Dependence Ratio 2012 $7,715
Vanbergen et al (2014) UK Dessert Apples Dependence Ratio 2011 $18,902
Calderone (2012) USA Apples Dependence Ratio 2010 $17,365
Leonhardt et al (2013) EU Apples Dependence Ratio 1991-2009 av $8,016
An and Chen (2011) China Apples Dependence Ratio 2008 $10,399
Smith et al (2011) UK Dessert Apples Dependence Ratio 2007 $20,730
Calderone (2012) USA Apples Dependence Ratio 2007 $21,774
Allsopp et al (2008)
South Africa
(Cape Florsitic
Region)
Apples Dependence Ratio 2005 $12,137
Gallai et al (2009) Global Apples Dependence Ratio 2005 $3,776
Zych and Jakubiec (2006) Poland Apples Dependence Ratio 2004 $1,566
Losey and Vaughn (2006) USA Apples Dependence Ratio 2003 $13,078
Cook et al (2007) Australia Apples Dependence Ratio 1999-2003 $15,229
Calderone (2012) USA Apples Dependence Ratio 2002 $15,639
Morse and Calderone (2000) USA Apples Dependence Ratio 1996-1998 $10,654
Allsopp et al (2008)
South Africa
(Cape Florsitic
Region)
Apples Replacement Costs 2005 $791-$1,634
Partap et al (2012) Himalayan region Apples Partial Equilibrium
Model (CS only)
Gallai et al (2009) Global Apples Partial Equilibrium
Model (CS only)
2008/2009 $3,975
2005 $6,083
Study: The cited reference in which the original value was found. Region: The region over which the estimates of benefit was conducted. Crops: The crops that were assessed
for value with all denoting all possible insect pollinated crops in the region for which data was available. NA denotes studies where the method does not apply to a specific
crop. Method: Denotes the method used to estimate benefit: Yield Analysis (2.2.1.), Dependence Ratio (2.2.2.), Replacement Costs (2.3) and Partial Equilibrium Analysis (2.4).
Year: the year the estimate relates to, usually based on what year the data relate to, studies denoted av = average of the years. 2015 US$: The monetary estimate of the study
inflated (and in many cases converted) to 2015 US$ as of July 2015 – this was done to standardize the estimates and facilitate comparison.
All estimates were converted into US dollars using average annual spot exchange rates from the Bank of England (Bank of England, 2015). These dollar estimates were inflated
to 2015 US$ using Consumer Price Index (CPI) data from the United Stated Federal Government’s Bureau of Labour and Statistics (United States Bureau of Labour and
Statistics, 2015a, Table 24). Inflation was based on the CPI for July of the year the estimate was related to compare with the CPI in July 2015 (BLS, 2015b, Table 1). If this year
was not stated, then they were assumed to be the year before the study was published. These inflations only represent a change in the value of currency and do not capture
any changes such as the relative input prices, price controls or subsidies. Note that the value of $1 will still vary between countries based on their purchase power piety (see
Section 3). Where the area of apples was not reported within the study, the source material for the value of apple production was consulted and area data for the appropriate
year were used to calculate these values.
259
4. ECONOMIC VALUATION OF POLLINATOR GAINS
AND LOSSES