The art and architecture of India - Buddhist, Hindu, Jain (Art Ebook)

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;290 THE HINDU RENAISSANCE•towering complication of the head-dresses.These dancers in the heaven of Indra are, accordingto legend, creatures not made of grossflesh but constituted rather of the air and themovements that compose their heavenly dancesthey are here as appropriate 'entertainers' inthe reconstructed heaven that is the fabric of thesanctuary.Although ostensibly only so many spots oraccents in the total decoration of the facade,they have an irresistible individual attraction:'With every movement of the eye of the beholdera new perspective shows the images from a differentangle; to avoid being bewildered he hasto concentrate on each of them . . . and then givehis attention to the next.' 14 Each figure carvedalmost in the complete round stands on its ownplatform and is shaded by an individual canopy.In addition to their separate fascination for theeye, the figures perform the function of contributingso many vertical accents in the ascent ofthe sikhara. Individually these celestial maidenspossess a great vitality expressed in their tortuousmovements and the provocative warmthand fullness of the modelling of their flesh. Asin some of the very earliest examples of Indiansculpture, the roundness and softness of thebreasts and belly are emphasized by the contrastingexaggerated straightness of the armsand limbs.6. RAJPUTANAIn the days of the great Brahmanic revival duringthe eighth and ninth centuries the plains ofRajputana must have flowered with temples.Most of these temples were distinguished bytheir pillared mandapas, and the fragments ofscores of such porches were appropriated by.Moslem builders of the Qutb mosque at Delhi,which in its four hundred and eighty separatecolumns includes the material of nearly thirtytemples.In spite of the ravages of time and the iconoclasmof theIslamic invaders, the number ofancient temples still standing in Rajputana is sogreat that it would be impossible even to mentionthem all.We may take as representative ofthe best of Indo-Aryan architecture in northernIndia the group of temples erected from theeighth to the tenth century at Osia, nearJodhpur. All these shrines, in what once musthave been a flourishing religious community,now stand deserted and in ruins. The sanctuariesinclude both Brahmanic and Jain dedications.Most of the temples belong to thepahca ayatana class, a designation meaning thatfour extra shrines (making five in all) were originallyattached by cloisters to the main sanctuary.Most of the temples at Osia, like the templesat Khajuraho, are raised on plinths or podiums.The sikharas follow most closely the early Orissantype, as exemplified by the Parasuramesvaratemple at Bhuvanesvar. The mandapas, inalmost every case, take the form of an openpillared hall. The jambs and lintels of the doorwaysof the sanctuaries at Osia are ornamentedwith a richness equalling the carving of the Suntemple at Konaraka.A typical example of the Indo-Aryan style inRajputana is the Surya temple at Osia [224].The four lesser shrines surrounding the sanctuaryhave disappeared and only the cella with itsopen porch survives. The building presumablydates from the tenth century. The cella and theopen mandapa are erected on a raised platform.The colonnade of the mandapa is augmented bytwo pillars rising from the ground level. Thespaces between the pillars on the porch wereoriginally filled with elaborately carved stonescreens like the pierced decoration to be foundin some of the Chalukya temples at Pattadakal.The rather squat sikhara with its heavy rusticationand massive amalaka quoins is also reminiscentof Pattadakal. The columns of the Osiatemples belong to the same order that is seen in
223. Khajuraho, Vamana temple, apsarasmithe countless examples appropriated for theMohammedan shrines of Delhi [225]. Thecarving is concentrated on the base and bands oftracery interrupting the shaft of the column.These pillars consist for the most part of ahigh square base, from which grows an octagonalshaft that supports a richly carved capital. Bothshaft and capital have a repeated motif of a vase
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The Pelican History of Art!The Art
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THE PELICAN HISTOR Y OF ARTJoint Ed
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Penguin Books Ltd, Harmondsworth, M
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This edition is based on the first
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CONTENTSPart Four :The Golden Age a
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10PRONUNCIATION OF INDIAN WORDSSans
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12 ' GLOSSARYin number, from the pa
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'4 GLOSSARYSathsdra. The unending c
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R1 'BflctnaUKashgar#Ki^ ShorchuoTu^
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THE ART AXD ARCHITECTURE OT IXDIA
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22 PREHISTORIC AND EPIC PERIODS•S
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*4 PREHISTORIC AND EPIC PERIODScont
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26 PREHISTORIC AND EPIC PERIODS•c
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28 PREHISTORIC AND EPIC PERIODS•'
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CHAPTER 2i'<\\3THE PROTO-HISTORIC P
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33i. Mohenjo-daroSumer and Babylon.
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THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION 35The
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THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION 37pla
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THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION 39The
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THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATIONmariti
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.CHAPTER 3v^>THE EPIC PERIOD:VEDIC
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VEDIC AND PRE-MAURYA CIVILIZATIONS
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VEDIC AND PRE-MAURYA CIVILIZATIONS
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PREHISTORIC50•AND EPIC PERIODSby
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52 PREHISTORIC AND EPIC PERIODS•i
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PREHISTORIC54"AND EPIC PERIODS- the
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;56 PREHISTORIC AND EPIC PERIODS•
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58 PREHISTORIC AND EPIC PERIODSof a
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60 THE EARLY CLASSIC PERIODS•yaks
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1 6. Pataliputra, Maurya Palace17.
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*4 THE EARLY CLASSIC PERIODSrooms o
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%»';**$;?»'imtie 4. V ?*«]£***
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20. Lion capital from Sarnath. *>>S
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THE EARLY CLASSIC PERIODSwestern fr
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72 THE EARLY CLASSIC PERIODS•devi
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25. Yaksha from Patna.Calcutta, Ind
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CHAPTER 6i ^c\ \»THE SUNGA PERIOD
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THE SUNGA PERIOD 79mortal body of t
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*29. Yakshi (Chulakoka Devata) from
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THE SUNGA PERIOD 83more than the su
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THE SUNGA PERIOD 8532. Sanchi, Stup
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THE88•EARLY CLASSIC PERIODSSanchi
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goTHE EARLY CLASSIC PERIODSevery at
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92 THE EARLY CLASSIC PERIODSsculpto
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CHAPTER 7 & 6<\\\*\THE EARLY ANDHRA
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THE EARLY ANDHRA PERIOD 97represent
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. . (these) . . . imagesTHE EARLY A
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THE EARLY ANDHRA PERIODIOI46. Sanch
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47- Sanchi, east gate^The Conversio
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THE EARLY ANDHRA PERIOD 05)A »' I
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:io 7ment in nature, hostile or fri
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** 3^*^i*M H56. Ivory plaquefrom Be
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CHAPTER 81116^THE ROCK-CUT SANCTUAR
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EARLY BUDDHIST ROCK-CUT SANCTUARIES
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62. Karli, chaitya-hall,
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:EARLY BUDDHIST ROCK-CUT SANCTUARIE
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ROMANO-INDIAN122•ARThad forced Al
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.124 ROMANO-INDIAN ARTAlthough coin
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ROMANO-INDIAN;126•ARTmerlon crene
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ROMANO-INDIAN.128 •ARTbe dated in
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130 ROMANO-INDIAN ART•Japan. 16 I
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ROMANO-INDIAN132•ARTsame as had b
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ROMANO-INDIAN134'ARTfigures emergin
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136 ROMANO-INDIAN ART•archaeology
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138 ROMANO-INDIAN ART•one time su
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8i. AH Masjid stupa, Khyber Pass
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ROMANO-INDIAN142•ARTfrom the mini
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144 ROMANO-INDIAN ART'None of these
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146 ROMANO-INDIAN ART•89. Gold am
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148 ROMANO-INDIAN ART•94. Pancika
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ROMANO-INDIANIsO •ART95. Wima Kad
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ART UNDER THE KUSHANS: MATHURA 153t
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%(\\A
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ART UNDER THE KISHANS: MATHIRAgjffl
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ART UNDER THE KUSHANS: MATHURA 59re
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successors, was uncovered a great t
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ART UNDER THE KUSHANS: MATHURA 63En
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;CHAPTER I I(,joltf jfAFGHANISTAN:
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i io. Wntinous' from Hadda. (uParis
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1 12. Head of Devata from near Pesh
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AFGHANISTANIT'War. The monasteries
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AFGHANISTAN 173*$ w116. Bamivan, la
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1 19. Bamiyan, painting of sun godo
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AFGHANISTAN 177the entire scheme wa
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AFGHANISTAN [79Bamiyan is like the
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124- Bodhisattva from Fondukistan.K
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CHAPTER 12BUDDHIST ART IN TURKESTAN
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BUDDHIST ART IN TURKESTAN [87of thi
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i8 9129. Buddhist relief from Tumsh
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BUDDHIST ART IN TURKESTAN I9 ]sanct
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133- Two divinities from Kizil.Berl
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134 Buddha from Bezeklik.Berlin, Mu
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BUDDHIST ART IN TURKESTAN 197The ru
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CHAPTER 13THE ART OF KASHMIRsW?The
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Iiiisiiiiiiiiil m m1riitiiiiiiiiUni
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.THE ART OF KASHMIR 203On each of t
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THE ART OF KASHMIRHadda. The heads
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;208 THE GOLDEN AGE AND END OF BUDD
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THE210•GOLDEN AGE AND END OF BUDD
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212 THE GOLDEN AGE AND END OF BUDDH
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THE214'GOLDEN AGE AND END OF BUDDHI
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THE2l6•GOLDEN AGE AND END OF BUDD
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2l8THE GOLDEN AGE AND END OF BUDDHI
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THE220•GOLDEN AGE AND END OF BUDD
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THE224"GOLDEN AGE AND END OF BUDDHI
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163. Deogarh, Vishnu temple, doorwa
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234172. Buddha preaching the First
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174- Scenes from the Life of Buddha
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Page 244 and 245: 240 THE GOLDEN AGE AND END OF BUDDH
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Page 265 and 266: 26lthe fifth and sixth centuries; i
Page 267 and 268: INDIA, NEPAL, AND TIBET 263vincial
Page 269 and 270: INDIA, NEPAL, AND TIBET 265in the i
Page 271 and 272: INDIA, NEPAL, AND TIBET 267203. Tar
Page 273 and 274: 269206. Banner of Avalokitesvara fr
Page 275: INDIA, NEPAL, AND TIBET 271royalty.
Page 278 and 279: THE274'HINDU RENAISSANCEof types of
Page 280 and 281: THE276•HINDU RENAISSANCEsources m
Page 282 and 283: 2 7 8 THE HINDU RENAISSANCEin each
Page 284 and 285: 280 THE HINDU RENAISSANCE•convex
Page 286 and 287: :282 THE HINDU RENAISSANCE•masonr
Page 288 and 289: 219. Konaraka, Surya temple,detail
Page 290 and 291: 22i. Konaraka, Surya temple, Surya
Page 292 and 293: 222. Khajuraho, Kandariya Mahadeo t
Page 296 and 297: 292 THE HINDU RENAISSANCE•or kala
Page 298 and 299: 294^anaoooo^rz^rczcr^Ssoo^^gy:226.
Page 300 and 301: . . but296 THE HINDU RENAISSANCE•
Page 302 and 303: 298 THE HINDU RENAISSANCE•-A231.
Page 304 and 305: 300 THE HINDU RENAISSANCEhas been r
Page 306: ;302/Here is an art inspired by the
Page 309 and 310: THE PERIOD OF THE HINDU DYNASTIES 3
Page 313 and 314: o 5 10241. Ellura, Kailasanath temp
Page 315 and 316: 243- Ellura, Kailasanath temple,Rav
Page 319 and 320: 247- Tanjore, Rajrajesvara temple
Page 323 and 324: THE PERIOD OF THE HINDU DYNASTIESIG
Page 325 and 326: 251. -Madura, Great TempleThese imm
Page 331 and 332: CHAPTERISOUTH INDIAN BRONZESThe ear
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Page 335 and 336: 260. Bronze Nataraja from Polonnaru
Page 337 and 338: SOUTH INDIAN BRONZES 333in Hindu sa
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Page 341: 269. Andhra textile from the Kalaha
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CHAPTER 19PAINTING OF THE PERIOD OF
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WALL-PAINTINGS AND MINIATURES 343Ma
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WALL-PAINTINGS AND MINIATURES 345Th
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279- Krishna and his Beloved in the
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35© THE HINDU RENAISSANCE•Certai
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THE352•HINDU RENAISSANCE_e^r AA\^
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354 THE HINDU RENAISSANCE'Krishna.
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I286. The Night of Storm from Garwh
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PART SIXINDIAN ART IN CEYLON AND SO
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361288. Anuradhapura, Thuparama dag
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CEYLON 363>originally covered with
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zqz. Bronze Buddha from Dong DiHano
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294- Anuradhapura, seated BuddhaI *
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CEYLON 369cords in front of an actu
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CEYLON•371by a sort of urna on th
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CEYLON•373301. Polonnaruwa, Parak
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CEYLON•375in spite of its great s
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\ob. Polonnaruwa, Wata-da-ge*>*
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CEYLON •379The exterior of this l
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J8i311. Bronze Sundaramurtiswami fr
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CEYLON •383Singhalese ivories, ev
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386 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA•an
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388 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA•sc
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390320. Harihara from Prasat Andet.
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CEYLON392•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAwarf
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323. Angkor, Yasodharapura and Angk
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CEYLON396'AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAThis e
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329. Angkor Wat
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33i- Angkor Wat
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402 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA•em
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404 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAWhen
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CEYLON406•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAarch
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408 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA•re
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410 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAof th
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412 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA•pa
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. *346. Angkor Thorn, Neak Pean" 'Z
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-CEYLON14l6 •AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAt
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4l8 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA•th
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420 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAdebac
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CHAPTER 22ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN S
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•SIAM 425more often than not too
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•SIAM 427One of the great masterp
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361. Head of Buddha from SiamBoston
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SI AM •43:and later a Burmese sty
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SIAM 433Lamp'un, erected by the Mon
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435elaborately carved barge-boards
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37i- Pottery amphora from Lopburi.B
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544© CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAthe
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442 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA•te
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CEYLON444*AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAMuseum
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446 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAmask-
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CEYLONthe448•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAK
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450 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAof gr
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CEYLON452•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA385.
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CEYLON454'AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAto the
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456 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAin th
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CEYLON458•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAfrom
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CEYLON:.460•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAha
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CEYLON462•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAKhme
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CEYLON464•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAof t
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CEYLON:466•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAnot
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NOTESBold numbers indicate page ref
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47isentient beings'. (See Ramaprasa
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473capital" so often found in moder
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47513. It has been suggested that t
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477172. 1 6. We have already seen h
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479237- 6. In the life of Hsiian-ts
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4 8isculptor, there exists an image
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4«3Singhalese scholars the moon st
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4»543i- 3- H. G. Quaritch Wales, T
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The4 8 7Frederic, L. L'Inde, Ses Te
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4 8 9barthouxj. Les Fouilles de Had
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49iGROSLIER, B. P. Angkor: Hommes e
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493LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSThe locatio
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;I:):)- s89. Gold amulet boxes from
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):-. e_- r.- -. _:- -\ rr :):&-"xrn
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499298. Anuradhapura, Isurumuniya V
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:INDEXNames and other matters in th
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503Buddha, 53 ff., 77-9, 88-9, 47i(
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505Guru, 52Gwalior, 227, 239, 240,
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507London, India Office Library, 34
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1509Peshawar, Archaeological Museum
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5iiSudhana, 455Sukhodaya, 436Suk'ot
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-The Pelican History of ArtISBN 14
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