The art and architecture of India - Buddhist, Hindu, Jain (Art Ebook)

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So28. Railing and gateway from Bharhut.Calcutta, Indian Museumgateway are preserved in the Indian Museum atCalcutta and in a number of European andAmerican collections [28]. At Bharhut and elsewherethe gateways or toranas are imitations instone of the wooden portals of early Indiantowns, and in the same way the construction ofthe railing itself is an imitation in stone of a postand-railfence with lens-shaped rails fitted toopenings in the uprights [41 and 27]. AtBharhut there are three rails surmounted by aheavy stone coping. The decoration of the onesurviving gateway is a conglomerate of forms ofwestern Asiatic origin, including palmettes andPersepolitan capitals in the shape of addorsedsphinxes. Most prominent in the decoration ofthe railing are the carvings of yakshas andyakshis on the uprights. These divinities whopopulate the ambulatory at Bharhut are reallyonly a degree above humanity. They are thewild and bloodthirsty nature-spirits of theearlier Dravidian religion subdued and broughtinto the fold o/Buddhism in much the same waythat pagan deities took their place in thehierarchy of Christian saints. In addition wefind medallions filled with floral motifs, busts ofturbaned rajahs, Jataka tales, and scenes fromthe life of Buddha.One of the most frequent motifs of theBharhut railing is the dohada, a woman oryakshi embracing a tree, usually the floweringsal [29]. This is a symbolism that goes back to aperiod in Indian history when trees wereregarded as objects of worship, and is associatedwith old fertility festivals, when youths andmaidens gathered the flowers of the sal tree.Although the exact original meaning of themotif is not known, there are many Indianlegends relating the power of women andyakshis to bring trees into immediate floweringby embracing the trunk or touching it with their
*29. Yakshi (Chulakoka Devata) from Bharhut. 30. Kuvera, King of the Yakshas, from Bharhut.Calcutta, Indian MuseumCalcutta, Indian Museum
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The Pelican History of Art!The Art
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THE PELICAN HISTOR Y OF ARTJoint Ed
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Penguin Books Ltd, Harmondsworth, M
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This edition is based on the first
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CONTENTSPart Four :The Golden Age a
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10PRONUNCIATION OF INDIAN WORDSSans
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12 ' GLOSSARYin number, from the pa
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'4 GLOSSARYSathsdra. The unending c
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R1 'BflctnaUKashgar#Ki^ ShorchuoTu^
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THE ART AXD ARCHITECTURE OT IXDIA
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22 PREHISTORIC AND EPIC PERIODS•S
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*4 PREHISTORIC AND EPIC PERIODScont
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26 PREHISTORIC AND EPIC PERIODS•c
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28 PREHISTORIC AND EPIC PERIODS•'
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 2i'<\\3THE PROTO-HISTORIC P
Page 37 and 38: 33i. Mohenjo-daroSumer and Babylon.
Page 39 and 40: THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION 35The
Page 41 and 42: THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION 37pla
Page 43 and 44: THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION 39The
Page 45 and 46: THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATIONmariti
Page 47 and 48: .CHAPTER 3v^>THE EPIC PERIOD:VEDIC
Page 49 and 50: VEDIC AND PRE-MAURYA CIVILIZATIONS
Page 51: VEDIC AND PRE-MAURYA CIVILIZATIONS
Page 54 and 55: PREHISTORIC50•AND EPIC PERIODSby
Page 56 and 57: 52 PREHISTORIC AND EPIC PERIODS•i
Page 58 and 59: PREHISTORIC54"AND EPIC PERIODS- the
Page 60 and 61: ;56 PREHISTORIC AND EPIC PERIODS•
Page 62 and 63: 58 PREHISTORIC AND EPIC PERIODSof a
Page 64 and 65: 60 THE EARLY CLASSIC PERIODS•yaks
Page 66 and 67: 1 6. Pataliputra, Maurya Palace17.
Page 68 and 69: *4 THE EARLY CLASSIC PERIODSrooms o
Page 70 and 71: %»';**$;?»'imtie 4. V ?*«]£***
Page 72 and 73: 20. Lion capital from Sarnath. *>>S
Page 74 and 75: THE EARLY CLASSIC PERIODSwestern fr
Page 76 and 77: 72 THE EARLY CLASSIC PERIODS•devi
Page 78 and 79: 25. Yaksha from Patna.Calcutta, Ind
Page 81 and 82: CHAPTER 6i ^c\ \»THE SUNGA PERIOD
Page 83: THE SUNGA PERIOD 79mortal body of t
Page 87 and 88: THE SUNGA PERIOD 83more than the su
Page 89 and 90: THE SUNGA PERIOD 8532. Sanchi, Stup
Page 92 and 93: THE88•EARLY CLASSIC PERIODSSanchi
Page 94 and 95: goTHE EARLY CLASSIC PERIODSevery at
Page 96 and 97: 92 THE EARLY CLASSIC PERIODSsculpto
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER 7 & 6<\\\*\THE EARLY ANDHRA
Page 101 and 102: THE EARLY ANDHRA PERIOD 97represent
Page 103 and 104: . . (these) . . . imagesTHE EARLY A
Page 105 and 106: THE EARLY ANDHRA PERIODIOI46. Sanch
Page 107 and 108: 47- Sanchi, east gate^The Conversio
Page 109 and 110: THE EARLY ANDHRA PERIOD 05)A »' I
Page 111 and 112: :io 7ment in nature, hostile or fri
Page 114 and 115: ** 3^*^i*M H56. Ivory plaquefrom Be
Page 117 and 118: CHAPTER 81116^THE ROCK-CUT SANCTUAR
Page 119 and 120: EARLY BUDDHIST ROCK-CUT SANCTUARIES
Page 121 and 122: 62. Karli, chaitya-hall,
Page 123: :EARLY BUDDHIST ROCK-CUT SANCTUARIE
Page 126 and 127: ROMANO-INDIAN122•ARThad forced Al
Page 128 and 129: .124 ROMANO-INDIAN ARTAlthough coin
Page 130 and 131: ROMANO-INDIAN;126•ARTmerlon crene
Page 132 and 133: ROMANO-INDIAN.128 •ARTbe dated in
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130 ROMANO-INDIAN ART•Japan. 16 I
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ROMANO-INDIAN132•ARTsame as had b
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ROMANO-INDIAN134'ARTfigures emergin
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136 ROMANO-INDIAN ART•archaeology
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138 ROMANO-INDIAN ART•one time su
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8i. AH Masjid stupa, Khyber Pass
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ROMANO-INDIAN142•ARTfrom the mini
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144 ROMANO-INDIAN ART'None of these
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146 ROMANO-INDIAN ART•89. Gold am
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148 ROMANO-INDIAN ART•94. Pancika
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ROMANO-INDIANIsO •ART95. Wima Kad
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ART UNDER THE KUSHANS: MATHURA 153t
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%(\\A
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ART UNDER THE KISHANS: MATHIRAgjffl
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ART UNDER THE KUSHANS: MATHURA 59re
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successors, was uncovered a great t
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ART UNDER THE KUSHANS: MATHURA 63En
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;CHAPTER I I(,joltf jfAFGHANISTAN:
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i io. Wntinous' from Hadda. (uParis
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1 12. Head of Devata from near Pesh
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AFGHANISTANIT'War. The monasteries
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AFGHANISTAN 173*$ w116. Bamivan, la
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1 19. Bamiyan, painting of sun godo
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AFGHANISTAN 177the entire scheme wa
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AFGHANISTAN [79Bamiyan is like the
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124- Bodhisattva from Fondukistan.K
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CHAPTER 12BUDDHIST ART IN TURKESTAN
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BUDDHIST ART IN TURKESTAN [87of thi
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i8 9129. Buddhist relief from Tumsh
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BUDDHIST ART IN TURKESTAN I9 ]sanct
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133- Two divinities from Kizil.Berl
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134 Buddha from Bezeklik.Berlin, Mu
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BUDDHIST ART IN TURKESTAN 197The ru
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CHAPTER 13THE ART OF KASHMIRsW?The
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Iiiisiiiiiiiiil m m1riitiiiiiiiiUni
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.THE ART OF KASHMIR 203On each of t
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THE ART OF KASHMIRHadda. The heads
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;208 THE GOLDEN AGE AND END OF BUDD
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THE210•GOLDEN AGE AND END OF BUDD
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212 THE GOLDEN AGE AND END OF BUDDH
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THE214'GOLDEN AGE AND END OF BUDDHI
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THE2l6•GOLDEN AGE AND END OF BUDD
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2l8THE GOLDEN AGE AND END OF BUDDHI
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THE220•GOLDEN AGE AND END OF BUDD
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THE224"GOLDEN AGE AND END OF BUDDHI
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163. Deogarh, Vishnu temple, doorwa
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Page 236 and 237:
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234172. Buddha preaching the First
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174- Scenes from the Life of Buddha
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Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
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m**ii*\**i*mmnit,m*i*n*******h*m**m
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26lthe fifth and sixth centuries; i
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INDIA, NEPAL, AND TIBET 263vincial
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INDIA, NEPAL, AND TIBET 265in the i
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INDIA, NEPAL, AND TIBET 267203. Tar
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269206. Banner of Avalokitesvara fr
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INDIA, NEPAL, AND TIBET 271royalty.
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THE274'HINDU RENAISSANCEof types of
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THE276•HINDU RENAISSANCEsources m
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2 7 8 THE HINDU RENAISSANCEin each
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280 THE HINDU RENAISSANCE•convex
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:282 THE HINDU RENAISSANCE•masonr
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219. Konaraka, Surya temple,detail
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22i. Konaraka, Surya temple, Surya
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222. Khajuraho, Kandariya Mahadeo t
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;290 THE HINDU RENAISSANCE•toweri
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292 THE HINDU RENAISSANCE•or kala
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294^anaoooo^rz^rczcr^Ssoo^^gy:226.
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. . but296 THE HINDU RENAISSANCE•
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298 THE HINDU RENAISSANCE•-A231.
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300 THE HINDU RENAISSANCEhas been r
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;302/Here is an art inspired by the
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THE PERIOD OF THE HINDU DYNASTIES 3
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o 5 10241. Ellura, Kailasanath temp
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243- Ellura, Kailasanath temple,Rav
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247- Tanjore, Rajrajesvara temple
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THE PERIOD OF THE HINDU DYNASTIESIG
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251. -Madura, Great TempleThese imm
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CHAPTERISOUTH INDIAN BRONZESThe ear
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faSOUTH INDIAN BRONZES 329257. Bron
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260. Bronze Nataraja from Polonnaru
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SOUTH INDIAN BRONZES 333in Hindu sa
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3UUIM lfNUlAIN BKUINitSSSbNot a sin
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269. Andhra textile from the Kalaha
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CHAPTER 19PAINTING OF THE PERIOD OF
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WALL-PAINTINGS AND MINIATURES 343Ma
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WALL-PAINTINGS AND MINIATURES 345Th
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279- Krishna and his Beloved in the
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35© THE HINDU RENAISSANCE•Certai
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THE352•HINDU RENAISSANCE_e^r AA\^
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354 THE HINDU RENAISSANCE'Krishna.
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I286. The Night of Storm from Garwh
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PART SIXINDIAN ART IN CEYLON AND SO
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361288. Anuradhapura, Thuparama dag
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CEYLON 363>originally covered with
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zqz. Bronze Buddha from Dong DiHano
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294- Anuradhapura, seated BuddhaI *
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CEYLON 369cords in front of an actu
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CEYLON•371by a sort of urna on th
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CEYLON•373301. Polonnaruwa, Parak
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CEYLON•375in spite of its great s
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\ob. Polonnaruwa, Wata-da-ge*>*
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CEYLON •379The exterior of this l
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J8i311. Bronze Sundaramurtiswami fr
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CEYLON •383Singhalese ivories, ev
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386 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA•an
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388 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA•sc
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390320. Harihara from Prasat Andet.
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CEYLON392•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAwarf
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323. Angkor, Yasodharapura and Angk
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CEYLON396'AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAThis e
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329. Angkor Wat
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33i- Angkor Wat
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402 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA•em
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404 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAWhen
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CEYLON406•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAarch
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408 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA•re
Page 414 and 415:
410 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAof th
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412 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA•pa
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. *346. Angkor Thorn, Neak Pean" 'Z
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-CEYLON14l6 •AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAt
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4l8 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA•th
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420 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAdebac
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CHAPTER 22ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN S
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•SIAM 425more often than not too
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•SIAM 427One of the great masterp
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361. Head of Buddha from SiamBoston
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SI AM •43:and later a Burmese sty
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SIAM 433Lamp'un, erected by the Mon
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435elaborately carved barge-boards
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37i- Pottery amphora from Lopburi.B
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544© CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAthe
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442 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA•te
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CEYLON444*AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAMuseum
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446 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAmask-
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CEYLONthe448•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAK
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450 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAof gr
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CEYLON452•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA385.
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CEYLON454'AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAto the
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456 CEYLON AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAin th
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CEYLON458•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAfrom
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CEYLON:.460•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAha
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CEYLON462•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAKhme
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CEYLON464•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAof t
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CEYLON:466•AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAnot
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NOTESBold numbers indicate page ref
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47isentient beings'. (See Ramaprasa
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473capital" so often found in moder
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47513. It has been suggested that t
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477172. 1 6. We have already seen h
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479237- 6. In the life of Hsiian-ts
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4 8isculptor, there exists an image
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4«3Singhalese scholars the moon st
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4»543i- 3- H. G. Quaritch Wales, T
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The4 8 7Frederic, L. L'Inde, Ses Te
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4 8 9barthouxj. Les Fouilles de Had
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49iGROSLIER, B. P. Angkor: Hommes e
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493LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSThe locatio
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;I:):)- s89. Gold amulet boxes from
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):-. e_- r.- -. _:- -\ rr :):&-"xrn
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499298. Anuradhapura, Isurumuniya V
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:INDEXNames and other matters in th
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503Buddha, 53 ff., 77-9, 88-9, 47i(
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505Guru, 52Gwalior, 227, 239, 240,
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507London, India Office Library, 34
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1509Peshawar, Archaeological Museum
Page 515 and 516:
5iiSudhana, 455Sukhodaya, 436Suk'ot
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-The Pelican History of ArtISBN 14
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