Pierre André Chiappori (Columbia) "Family Economics" - Cemmap

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9. Investment in Schooling and the Marriage Market 409 Define the (relative) wage gap among educated individuals as d2 = ww 2 /wm 2 and let the gender wage gap between uneducated individuals be d1 = ww 1 /wm 1 . Starting from the benchmark equilibrium with strictly positive assortative mating and equal shares (point e in Figure 9.4), we examine the impact of a difference in the market returns from schooling of women and men. Specifically, we consider an increase in the wage of educated men, wm 2 , combined with a reduction in the wage of educated women, ww 2 , holding the wage of uneducated men at the benchmark value, w1. Toisolatethe role of market returns, we assume that the increase in the wage of educated men exactly compensates the reduction in the wage of educated women so that marital output is unaffected and symmetry is maintained. 15 In other words, the change in wages affect directly only the returns as singles, Rm and Rw . For now, we assume that discrimination is uniform across schooling levels so that d1 = d2 ≡ d
410 9. Investment in Schooling and the Marriage Market For moderate changes in wages, strictly positive assortative mating continues to hold. However, the equilibrium value of V2 declines and educated men receive a lower share of the surplus than they do with equal wages in any marriage. That is, as market returns of men rise and more men wish to acquire education, the marriage market response is to reduce the share of educated men in all marriages. When the gap between R m and R w becomes large, the equilibrium shifts to a mixed equilibrium, where some educated men marry uneducated women. That is, because of their higher tendency to invest, some educated men must “marry down.” This equilibrium is represented by the point e0 in Figure 9.4, where the broken red line representing equality in the numbers of men and women that wish to marry (condition ( 9.22)) intersects the green line representing the lower bound on the share that educated men obtain in the marital surplus, z21 − z11. Asseen,both V1 and V2 are lower in the new equilibrium so that all men (women), educated and uneducated, receive lower (higher) shares of the material surplus when men have stronger market incentives to invest in schooling than women. These results regarding the shares of married men and women in the material surplus must be distinguished from the impact of the shares in the material output. If men get a higher return from schooling as singles (due to the fact that their labor-market return from schooling is higher than that of women), then their share of the material output can be higher even though they receive a lower share of the surplus. The same remark applies to our subsequent analysis as well; one can obtain sharper comparative static results on shares of the material surplus than those on shares of the material output. 9.3.3 The Impact of Household Roles Recall that we assume that the wife alone spends time on child care. To investigate the impact of this constraint, we start again at the benchmark equilibrium and examine the impact of an increase in τ, holding the wages of men and women at their benchmark values, that is w m 1 = ww 1 = w1 and w m 2 = w w 2 = w2. Such an increase reduces the contribution that educated women make to marital output and raises the contribution of uneducated women. That is, z11 and z21 rise because uneducated women are more productive at home, γ>w1, while z12 and z22 decline because educated women arelessproductiveathome,γ
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Family Economics Martin Browning Pi
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iv 3.2 Householdproduction ........
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vi 6.4 IntertemporalBehavior ......
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viii 11 Marriage, Divorce, Children
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List of Figures 1.1 Marriage Rates
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xiii 4.2 Apotentiallycompensatingva
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Introduction The existence of a nuc
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two distinct solution concepts; one
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were affectedbytherisinginvestments
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Murat Iyigun, Guy Lacroix, Valérie
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Part I Models of Household Behavior
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14 1. Facts there appear to be age,
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16 1. Facts 1.1.4 Transitions The m
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18 1. Facts sumption goods within h
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20 1. Facts may not capture the ful
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22 1. Facts This process is driven
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24 1. Facts 1.4 Children Children a
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26 1. Facts a major policy concern
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28 1. Facts have means for, say, hi
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30 1. Facts [21] Michael, Robert,
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32 1. Facts Age group USA Denmark 1
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34 1. Facts Birth cohort 1931-36 19
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36 1. Facts USA Canada UK Norway Ye
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38 1. Facts Country Male Participat
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40 1. Facts Mother’s Age 20-30 31
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42 1. Facts rate per 1000, 20+ 18 1
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44 1. Facts Marriage rate per 1000
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46 1. Facts percent entering first
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48 1. Facts percent entering divorc
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50 1. Facts 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50
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52 1. Facts 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 23
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54 1. Facts 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 23 25
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56 1. Facts 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1968
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58 1. Facts 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.2 6 5.8 2
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60 1. Facts 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 196
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62 1. Facts 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1968 1970
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64 1. Facts FIGURE 1.23. Age Pyrami
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66 1. Facts 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1930 1933
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68 1. Facts 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
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70 1. Facts 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15
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72 1. Facts 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
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74 1. Facts Average number of child
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76 1. Facts Age 28 27 26 25 24 23 1
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78 1. Facts FIGURE 1.37. Consumptio
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80 1. Facts
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82 2. The gains from marriage for o
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84 2. The gains from marriage Q 2 y
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86 2. The gains from marriage this
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88 2. The gains from marriage as wh
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90 2. The gains from marriage ing a
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92 2. The gains from marriage absen
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94 2. The gains from marriage 2.5 C
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96 2. The gains from marriage 2.5.3
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98 2. The gains from marriage This
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100 2. The gains from marriage [14]
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102 2. The gains from marriage
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104 3. Preferences and decision mak
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158 4. The collective model: a form
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200 5. Empirical issues for the col
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244 6. Uncertainty and Dynamics in
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294 7. Matching on the Marriage Mar
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334 8. Sharing the gains from marri
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460 11. Marriage, Divorce, Children
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Pierre André Chiappori (Columbia) "Family Economics" - Cemmap

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