Triple-Play Service Deployment

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172 Chapter 6: Troubleshooting Video in the Headend This is challenging for two reasons: – MPEG-2 transport is a complex and vulnerable system which works well provided that all the MPEG transport packets arrive at the set top box in a specific order, and within a specific window of time. This is a challenge in and of itself, even when a relatively simple RF modulation is used for the distribution network. – An IP network by nature is not designed to deliver a high QoS–even in a higher-layer transport. Rather, it is designed to deliver static payload in a relatively unrestricted timeframe. It is a best-effort delivery service. Higher-layer protocols and intelligent hosting/routing can improve performance, but to a certain extent these efforts are almost counter-intuitive to the nature of IP transport. As a result of these factors, triple-play service delivery essentially requires the provider to maintain two transport networks: IP and MPEG. The former is a familiar task, and although there are additional test requirements with the advent of IPTV, they primarily are enhancements to existing IP test practices. Because MPEG-2 transport streams have a tight window for packet arrival, any MPEG packet loss incurred by dropped IP Packets or excessive spacing (from inter-frame delay or re-sequencing) in the IP transport network will present significant risk to the program quality. Buffering at a network node will allow for a certain window for retransmissions and for delayed frames to catch up, but buffering also contributes to latency. Once the program presentation has begun, the stream is constrained to the much smaller buffer of the set top box.Therefore, an operator can look to monitor the IP jitter and IP packet loss over an Ethernet transport segment to gauge the performance of that IP pipe specific to video services. This enables monitoring of the threat-level to the digital video programs from the IP transport over that leg of the IP network. More sophisticated analysis will allow monitoring these IP parameters on a per flow basis as opposed to the generic performance of the entire IP pipe.
Chapter 6: Troubleshooting Video in the Headend Cross-Layer IP and MPEG Analysis Initial IPTV test practices focused on this method. However, headend technicians found they were limited to responding to IP performance alarms. In this case, if there had been IP packet loss the operator would have been alerted. The operator would know that the video services could be at risk, but did not know the severity of the impact, if any, on the video services. When the MPEG SPTS are encapsulated to IP, seven MPEG transport stream packets are packaged in one IP packet.This is the maximum that can fit without fragmenting the MPEG packets. Each MPEG packet is carrying data for some part of the MPEG SPTS. It could be video, audio, PSI table data, or something else entirely. Gigabit Ethernet Ethernet Header Ethernet Frame IP/UDP/RTP Header MPEG Transport Packet MPEG Transport Packet Inter-Frame Delay Figure 6.11: When MPEG transport is encapsulated in Ethernet, seven 188 byte MPEG-2 transport packets are packaged in one Ethernet frame. (The maximum without fragmentation.) So while losing an IP packet means losing seven MPEG packets, it does not mean losing seven MPEG packets with video information. Losing an MPEG packet containing payload for a video I-Frame is significantly more damaging to the program presentation than losing one containing payload for the audio background channel. The former could cause very noticeable picture defects; the other could go completely unnoticed to even the most trained ear. For the operator to know how the MPEG MPEG Transport Packet MPEG Transport Packet MPEG Transport Packet MPEG Transport Packet MPEG Transport Packet CRC 173
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Triple-Play Service Deployment A Co
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Copyright 2007, JDS Uniphase Corpor
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Recommended test tools . . . . . .
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VoIP Service Quality . . . . . . .
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Acknowledgements The JDSU Triple-Pl
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In North America, cable operators h
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Finally, securing all these service
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2 The Vision—Reliable Triple-Play
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4 The Building Blocks Chapter 1: Th
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6 Development/ Production - Compone
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8 Chapter 1: The Vision-Reliable Tr
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10 Chapter 1: The Vision-Reliable T
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16 Triple-Play Service Delivery ove
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18 Chapter 2: Triple-Play Service D
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20 Bandwidth Chapter 2: Triple-Play
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24 Encapsulation DA Chapter 2: Trip
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26 ISP/Internet ASP & Video Headend
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36 centralized location, the abilit
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38 Deploying and Troubleshooting Fi
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40 For “brownfield” or overlaid
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42 BPON uses time division multiple
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44 Voice IP Data Video Figure 3.3 A
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46 From the splice enclosure, signa
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48 1490nm laser/ 1310nm meter OLT 1
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50 Central Office Depending on the
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52 Chapter 3: Deploying and Trouble
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58 Acceptance testing between the s
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60 Once customers have been establi
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62 When there is a physical layer f
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66 Acceptance testing is always per
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68 1490nm laser/ 1310nm meter OLT 1
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70 Recommended test tools Whether t
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74 These effects result in an easy-
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76 Another approach uses a loss tes
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78 Selective Optical Power Meters A
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82 Troubleshooting the Copper Plant
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84 Chapter 4: Troubleshooting the C
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90 Capacitive balance Another metho
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92 TDR Response (V) 7.3 3.6 Figure
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94 Loop length also can be measured
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96 Filter Technology Lower 3dB Uppe
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100 Chapter 4: Troubleshooting the
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102 TDR capabilities A time domain
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104 Bridged taps Bridged taps, or l
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112 Physical Layer Test - Foreign V
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114 Troubleshooting the Premises Wi
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118 R-Value Testing the Premises Ne
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Page 136 and 137: 122 Typical Symptom Fault Condition
Page 138 and 139: 124 Fault Common Cause Diagnosis Go
Page 140 and 141: 126 Locating and resolving coax pro
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Page 144 and 145: 130 Using advanced signal processin
Page 146 and 147: 132 Relative Frequency % 5 4 3 2 1
Page 156 and 157: 142 Troubleshooting Video in the He
Page 158 and 159: 144 MPEG-2 TS over RF Understanding
Page 160 and 161: 146 elementary streams (ES). Each d
Page 162 and 163: 148 Chapter 6: Troubleshooting Vide
Page 164 and 165: 150 MPEG Technology Chapter 6: Trou
Page 166 and 167: 152 MPEG Video Syntax MPEG-2 System
Page 182 and 183: 168 Interoperability and segmentati
Page 192 and 193: 178 Troubleshooting Video Service i
Page 194 and 195: 180 Figure 7.2 A schematic diagram
Page 200 and 201: 186 STB DSL Modem EPG/Multicast Inf
Page 202 and 203: 188 RTSP Latency PAUSE Latency PLAY
Page 206 and 207: 192 Video Service Troubleshooting:
Page 208 and 209: 194 Standard troubleshooting steps
Page 210 and 211: 196 Dropped packets indicate a prob
Page 214 and 215: 200 Troubleshooting Voice over IP T
Page 216 and 217: 202 Control plane protocols Real Ti
Page 218 and 219: 204 Since the 64 Kbps bandwidth req
Page 220 and 221: 206 Chapter 8: Troubleshooting VoIP
Page 224 and 225: 210 Network Equipment Installation
Page 226 and 227: 212 Figure 8.5 PVA-1000 While check
Page 228 and 229: 214 Using handheld IP phone emulato
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Page 232 and 233: 218 Solving Voice Quality Problems
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222 Troubleshooting High Speed Data
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224 ATU-Cs POTS Switch DSLAM health
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226 transmits at three bits per bau
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228 R ate (Mbits /s ) performance o
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230 Chapter 9: Troubleshooting High
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234 The JDSU HST-3000 provides comp
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244 Service Assurance for Triple-Pl
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246 Chapter 10: Service Assurance f
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252 b. Correlate network performanc
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254 Passive service monitoring Hard
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258 Measurable Benefits Successful
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262 PON Reflectometer Trace Analysi
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264 Theoretical Method of PON Refle
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266 Learning Acquisition Phase The
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268 Figure A.7 Reflective event dev
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270 Appendix A: PON Reflectometer T
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272 Glossary AAL5 ATM Adaptation La
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274 Glossary Block A set of 8x8 pix
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276 Glossary Digital Television A g
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278 Glossary ETR 290 ETSI recommend
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280 Glossary I/F Interface ICMP Int
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282 Glossary MGT Master Guide Table
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284 Glossary Multiplex (n) A digita
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286 Glossary PSI Program Specific I
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288 Glossary ST Stuffing Table. An
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290 Notes: Notes
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292 Notes
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Test & Measurement Regional Sales N
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Triple-Play Service Deployment

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