Triple-Play Service Deployment

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180 Figure 7.2 A schematic diagram of the transport stream packet header Sync Byte 8 Error Indicator 1 Payload Unit Start Indicator 1 Fixed length of each packet = 188 bytes Optional field = PCR = Program Clock Reference DTS = Decoding Time Stamp PTS = Presentation Time Stamp Transport Priority 1 PID 13 Adaptation Field Length PCR 8 OPCR 48 48 (33+9) (33+9) Transport Scrambling Control 2 Discontinuity Indicator 1 Splice Countdown 8 Chapter 7: Troubleshooting Video <strong>Service</strong> in the Field Adaptation Field Control Continuity Counter Adaptation Field Payload Error indicator The error indicator is a bit that is set by the encoders in a transmitted video packet when they detect corrupted source content. The presence of packets with this indication is strictly an issue related to content quality. It is not related to the performance of the distribution network. Monitoring of video encoder output streams in the headend can detect this condition and provide an early opportunity for problem resolution. Error indicator counts seen at the customer premises reveal a source quality problem. 2 Random Access Indicator 1 Transport Private Data Length 8 ltw_valid Flag 1 4 Elementary Stream Priority Indicator 1 Transport Private Data (M*8) ltw Offset 1 5 Flags 5 Adaptation Field Extension Length Piecewise Rate 24 (22) Optional Field 3 Flags 8 8 (3) Type Splice 4 Stuffing Bytes (N*8) Optional Field DTS Next AU 36 (33)
Chapter 7: Troubleshooting Video <strong>Service</strong> in the Field Mean Opinion Score (MOS) It is suggested that the concept of a mean opinion score (MOS), traditionally used in voice, be extended to video services. In this case, a V-MOS (video MOS) value can be determined for the video portion of a program and an audio MOS similar to MOS used for voice services can be determined for the audio portion of the program. This combination of an audio and video MOS value or score will enable an estimation of the subjective QoE for the video program video and audio content to be made from objectively measurable metrics. Video Stream Quality Continuity Error A continuity error indicates a problem with the MPEG-2 transport stream packets themselves defined as any one of the following conditions: a lost packet, an out of sequence packet, or a duplicate packet on a per packet identifier (PID) basis. The sequence number used to identify each packet has a small value range of 16. Thus, in cases where more than 16 packets are lost in a row, the sequence counter will not represent the true picture of the event. It is important to analyze packet loss at the RTP level as well, where much larger sequence number range will detect the full loss event. PCR jitter Timing in the transport stream is based on the 27 MHz system time clock (STC) of the encoder. To ensure proper synchronization during the decoding process, the decoder’s clock must be locked to the encoder’s STC. In order to achieve this lock, the encoder inserts a 27 MHz time stamp into the transport stream for each program. This time stamp is referred to as the program clock reference (PCR). Video decoders use the timing signal to synchronize to the encoded data stream so that they can derive 181
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Triple-Play Service Deployment A Co
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Copyright 2007, JDS Uniphase Corpor
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Recommended test tools . . . . . .
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VoIP Service Quality . . . . . . .
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Acknowledgements The JDSU Triple-Pl
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In North America, cable operators h
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Finally, securing all these service
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2 The Vision—Reliable Triple-Play
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4 The Building Blocks Chapter 1: Th
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6 Development/ Production - Compone
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8 Chapter 1: The Vision-Reliable Tr
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10 Chapter 1: The Vision-Reliable T
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16 Triple-Play Service Delivery ove
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18 Chapter 2: Triple-Play Service D
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20 Bandwidth Chapter 2: Triple-Play
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24 Encapsulation DA Chapter 2: Trip
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26 ISP/Internet ASP & Video Headend
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36 centralized location, the abilit
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38 Deploying and Troubleshooting Fi
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40 For “brownfield” or overlaid
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42 BPON uses time division multiple
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44 Voice IP Data Video Figure 3.3 A
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46 From the splice enclosure, signa
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48 1490nm laser/ 1310nm meter OLT 1
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50 Central Office Depending on the
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52 Chapter 3: Deploying and Trouble
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58 Acceptance testing between the s
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60 Once customers have been establi
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62 When there is a physical layer f
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66 Acceptance testing is always per
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68 1490nm laser/ 1310nm meter OLT 1
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70 Recommended test tools Whether t
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74 These effects result in an easy-
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76 Another approach uses a loss tes
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78 Selective Optical Power Meters A
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82 Troubleshooting the Copper Plant
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84 Chapter 4: Troubleshooting the C
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90 Capacitive balance Another metho
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92 TDR Response (V) 7.3 3.6 Figure
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94 Loop length also can be measured
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96 Filter Technology Lower 3dB Uppe
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100 Chapter 4: Troubleshooting the
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102 TDR capabilities A time domain
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104 Bridged taps Bridged taps, or l
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112 Physical Layer Test - Foreign V
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114 Troubleshooting the Premises Wi
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118 R-Value Testing the Premises Ne
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122 Typical Symptom Fault Condition
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124 Fault Common Cause Diagnosis Go
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126 Locating and resolving coax pro
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Page 144 and 145: 130 Using advanced signal processin
Page 146 and 147: 132 Relative Frequency % 5 4 3 2 1
Page 148 and 149: 134 Chapter 5: Troubleshooting the
Page 156 and 157: 142 Troubleshooting Video in the He
Page 158 and 159: 144 MPEG-2 TS over RF Understanding
Page 160 and 161: 146 elementary streams (ES). Each d
Page 162 and 163: 148 Chapter 6: Troubleshooting Vide
Page 164 and 165: 150 MPEG Technology Chapter 6: Trou
Page 166 and 167: 152 MPEG Video Syntax MPEG-2 System
Page 182 and 183: 168 Interoperability and segmentati
Page 192 and 193: 178 Troubleshooting Video Service i
Page 200 and 201: 186 STB DSL Modem EPG/Multicast Inf
Page 202 and 203: 188 RTSP Latency PAUSE Latency PLAY
Page 206 and 207: 192 Video Service Troubleshooting:
Page 208 and 209: 194 Standard troubleshooting steps
Page 210 and 211: 196 Dropped packets indicate a prob
Page 214 and 215: 200 Troubleshooting Voice over IP T
Page 216 and 217: 202 Control plane protocols Real Ti
Page 218 and 219: 204 Since the 64 Kbps bandwidth req
Page 220 and 221: 206 Chapter 8: Troubleshooting VoIP
Page 224 and 225: 210 Network Equipment Installation
Page 226 and 227: 212 Figure 8.5 PVA-1000 While check
Page 228 and 229: 214 Using handheld IP phone emulato
Page 230 and 231: 216 Provisioning Tests Purpose: To
Page 232 and 233: 218 Solving Voice Quality Problems
Page 236 and 237: 222 Troubleshooting High Speed Data
Page 238 and 239: 224 ATU-Cs POTS Switch DSLAM health
Page 240 and 241: 226 transmits at three bits per bau
Page 242 and 243: 228 R ate (Mbits /s ) performance o
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230 Chapter 9: Troubleshooting High
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234 The JDSU HST-3000 provides comp
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244 Service Assurance for Triple-Pl
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246 Chapter 10: Service Assurance f
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252 b. Correlate network performanc
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254 Passive service monitoring Hard
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258 Measurable Benefits Successful
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262 PON Reflectometer Trace Analysi
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264 Theoretical Method of PON Refle
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266 Learning Acquisition Phase The
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268 Figure A.7 Reflective event dev
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270 Appendix A: PON Reflectometer T
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272 Glossary AAL5 ATM Adaptation La
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274 Glossary Block A set of 8x8 pix
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276 Glossary Digital Television A g
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278 Glossary ETR 290 ETSI recommend
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280 Glossary I/F Interface ICMP Int
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282 Glossary MGT Master Guide Table
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284 Glossary Multiplex (n) A digita
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286 Glossary PSI Program Specific I
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288 Glossary ST Stuffing Table. An
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290 Notes: Notes
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292 Notes
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Test & Measurement Regional Sales N
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