a-practical-kurdish-grammar

VERBS 147
Kurdish, is by adding (^^ (re) to the present stem, and Ij
(ra) to the preterite stem of the verb. Example : ^__pyyi
(da-tirsen-(e)-re-m) 'I am being frightened'; /»ljaj'L.y
(rirsand-(e)-ra-m) 'I was frightened'; ^^yyi (da-khwen-
(e)-re-m) 'I am being read'; ^3-^.^- (khwend-(e)-ra-m) 'I
was read' ; j»)_j3y) ,5(da-kiizh-re-m) 'I am being killed'; A33y
(kûzh-ra-m) 'I was killed'; ^jljjiy (kûzh-ra-w-(i)-m) 'I have
been killed'; ^y \y)f (kûzh-ra bû-m) 'I had been killed', etc.
The 2nd method is by placing the preposition 4j (ba) 'by',
and the infinitive of the verb conjugated, before any tense de¬
sired of the verb j^ (chiin) 'to go'. Example: i^^ y^ '^
(ba kushtin dach-(i)m) 'I am being (shall be) \a.\\ç.d' -.y^yL^Aj
(ba kushtin chû) 'he, she, it was killed' (lit, 'by killing he
went!)
325. Some dialects use the verb jTU (hatin) 'to come', in¬
stead of j_j>-(chûn), and append the same to the infinitive of
the verb by the prepositional suffix 4 (a) 'to', or the preposi¬
tion J (I) 'to' Example : ytS 4^,5 (de-m-a kushtin) 'I am ;
being (shall be) killed' (lit, 'I am coming (shall come) to kill¬
ing'; yzS 4jU(hat-(i)m-a kushtin"I am killed'; jli-J 4j"\«>
(hat-a kushtin) 'he, she, it was killed' (lit. 'he, she, it came to
killing'); yl^ j'"^* (hat-(i)n I'kushtin) 'they were
killed'. This latter form with the preposition J (l'), is quite
similar to the Syriac J^VoA ^^.'^.'is'^a, (bitaya na I'qitla)
'they are being (will be) killed' (lit. 'they are coming to
killing'.
This '2nd. method', however, whether the preposition 4i
(ha), 4, (a), or ] (l') is employed, or whether the auxiliary