a-practical-kurdish-grammar

166
A PRACTICAL KURDISH GRAMMAR
jJiiljl* (harandin)
to cause to grind
joj^ (hal-andin) or
jJij LJl* (hal-enadin)
(>'% (hal-atin)
to lift, to raise
to rise, to appear, to flee
jJblj^* (hazhandin)
to shake, to jolt
ySslA (hangaiitin)
to hit, to touch
,4JjV^ (bi-haren-a)
4l1a (hal-en-a)
4;uJa (hal-enen-a)
J* (hal-e)
J^ (bi-hal-e)
a:j'j\> (bi-hazhen-a)
çSpt>. (bi-1
Sy'^. (bi-hangii-e)
Syp (bi-ngii-e)
330. A large majority of the transitive verbs, or the verbs
of the 'Second Conjugation', have infinitives ending in ji
(din), some have infinitives ending in y (tin) or y (in),
and a very few have endings in jl (an) or jj (iin). In other
words, verbs of the 'Second Conjugation' are mostly caus-
atives, or consonant verbs ending in i (d), some are O
(t) or ^S (i) verbs, and a very few are 1 (a) or j (û) verbs.
(See 193, 1, and 314.)
331. An un-prolongated initial \ in the infinitive is
dropped in the imperative and in all tenses employing the in¬
separable prefixes j (bi) or i (da). Examples: joill^l
(astandin) 'to take', a:^^^ (bi-sten-a) 'take thou!', p-^^
(da-sten-(i)m) 'I take' or 'I shall take'. An exception to this
rule in regard to the prefix j (bi) is met with in composite
verbs. Examples: jaîl^lj* (hal-angûan-din) 'to cause
to offend'; 4JjXJl U (hal-angiien-a) or 40^0 J* (hal-bi-