a-practical-kurdish-grammar

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32 A PRACTICAL KURDISH GRAMMAR 72. There are also other ways of forming the plural in Kurdish, which we find employed in some local dialects, and which the student should know. Around Sinna, the suffix JS (gal) is used as a plural ending. Ex. ^':i^ (kûr-a-gal) 'boys', J^^ (iî^h- a-gal) 'girls', etc. The connective vowel 1 (a) is inserted between the noun and the plural ending Around Garroose, and at Kermanshah, the suffix Jj (il) is employed as a plural ending. Ex. Jjjy (kûr-îl) 'boys', J^(kich-il) 'girls', etc. In some parts of Kurdistan, according to Prof. Beresin, the suffix j (te) or aJ (ta), with the connective vowel _ (a) inserted, is employed as a plural ending. This would make the word ^J'^p (kiir-a-te) or aJJ^ (kûr-a-ta) for 'boys'. It is not impossible, however, that this
ARTICLES 33 between the suffix and all substantives, except those ending in 1 or 4 . Examples: (draw-a-kan) 'the moneys'; ^jl5o\>. (cha-y-a-kan) 'the teas'; ijl5i\J(ta-y-a-kan) 'the bales', etc. 76. In some substantives, final j or j_^ may take the dupli- mark _ before suffixing ^ (ka), in other words it is absolutely necessary to employ the duplication mark. Examples: The word 'man' may be written
Page 1: liJi-" 31 *
Page 4 and 5: Fiintedby AUGSBUBG PUBLISHING HOUSE
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTORY REMARKS The Kurdish pe
Page 9 and 10: A PRACTICAL KURDISH GRAMMAR of the
Page 11 and 12: A PRACTICAL KURDISH GRAMMAR as clea
Page 13 and 14: A PRACTICAL KURDISH GRAMMAR 11 The
Page 15 and 16: A Practical Kurdish Grammar CHAPTER
Page 17 and 18: PHONETIC VALUE OF THE LETTERS 15 6.
Page 19 and 20: PHONETIC VALUE OF THE LETTERS 17 'z
Page 21 and 22: CONSONANTS 19 The varieties in dial
Page 23 and 24: VOWELS 21 VOWELS 39. It is becoming
Page 25 and 26: 45. Exercise in Spelling : VOWEL CH
Page 27 and 28: PROLONGED PRONUNCIATION 25 casional
Page 29 and 30: DIPHTHONGS 27 'balcony'; Cf'^j] (a
Page 31 and 32: NOUNS 29 61. In vowel changes, the
Page 33: NOUNS 31 Number 68. Plurals are gen
Page 37 and 38: ARTICLES 35 amples: \^\ j\ (au agha
Page 39 and 40: DECLENSION 37 bination of ,Xê> (he
Page 41 and 42: DECLENSION 39 97. The preposition :
Page 43 and 44: DECLENSION 41 pies: «J ^ iS3 (y^^
Page 45 and 46: DECLENSION 43 109. The Locative Cas
Page 47 and 48: DECLENSION 45 4jI) (bab-a) 'O fathe
Page 49 and 50: Singular TABLE OF DECLENSION 47 Nom
Page 51 and 52: Plural / Nom. ö^p Gen. ^j \j\?^ iS
Page 53 and 54: ADJECTIVES 51 CHAPTER III ADJECTIVE
Page 55 and 56: ADJECTIVES 53 Note. The superlative
Page 57 and 58: Y A< ^« \ < r< \ 0 \ ' 0 < ADJECTI
Page 59 and 60: ADJECTIVES 57 amples: f^_ (yek-um)
Page 61 and 62: ADJECTIVES 59 and three quarters o'
Page 63 and 64: PRONOUNS 61 EXERCISE III Four horse
Page 65 and 66: Dat. y. 4^ (ba tti) to thee Ace. y'
Page 67 and 68: PRONOUNS 65 ija CJ» (nan- (i)t dad
Page 69 and 70: Dat. C>^ 4j (ba khöt) Ace. Cjy- -
Page 71 and 72: PRONOUNS 69 Voc. ojl (^l (aîawaî)
Page 73 and 74: PRONOUNS 71 Dat. (_^ "^^ (ba kie) t
Page 75 and 76: PRONOUNS 7Z Note. The pronunciation
Page 77 and 78: ^ jti (har chi) dA ..", T (tishtek)
Page 79 and 80: 192. VOCABULARY ejl (awa) this j1 (
Page 81 and 82: VERBS 79 Ö\mJ (tir-san), öyir (ch
Page 83 and 84: VERBS 81 certain word, and other di
Page 85 and 86:
VERBS 83 201. In the Mongur dialect
Page 87 and 88:
VERBS 85 an emphatic negarive. Exam
Page 89 and 90:
VERBS 87 (5) The perfect tense indi
Page 91 and 92:
VERBS 89 the conjugation of the int
Page 93 and 94:
VERBS 91 Interrogatively, the futur
Page 95 and 96:
Singular ^\^J /y\ (amin tirsa-m) I
Page 97 and 98:
VERBS 95 234. The perfect tense for
Page 99 and 100:
VERBS 97 tive' sense of the subjunc
Page 101 and 102:
VERBS 99 the present subjunctive of
Page 103 and 104:
VERBS 101 258. The 'apodosis', or c
Page 105 and 106:
VERBS 103 4)Ul)U__;:; (birya amin n
Page 107 and 108:
not stand alone and be used adjecti
Page 109 and 110:
VERBS 107 Imperfect Tense Singular
Page 111 and 112:
VERBS 109 would that I came, etc. |
Page 113 and 114:
VERBS 111 274. Conjugation of the I
Page 115 and 116:
40 J I (aii ni-ya) Plural /j»J 4.0
Page 117 and 118:
Singular VERBS 115 Preterite Tense
Page 119 and 120:
Plural VERBS 117 ^yyy 4*1 (ama bû
Page 121 and 122:
VERBS 119 present subjunctive very
Page 123 and 124:
VERBS 121 295. The same conjunction
Page 125 and 126:
VERBS 123 ö\ y. öb^ (awan bi-bii
Page 127 and 128:
VERBS 125 ted, by simply prefixing
Page 129 and 130:
Singular Plural ^ y\ \) (ba amin b-
Page 131 and 132:
VERBS 129 of them do not exist in t
Page 133 and 134:
öy^ 6_yJ" (tewa chûn) to go VERBS
Page 135 and 136:
yl]s (qalshin) to crack, to VERBS 1
Page 137 and 138:
VERBS 135 ojjb (da-war-a) eAo\*b(da
Page 139 and 140:
VERBS 137 j)_(en) to the present st
Page 141 and 142:
C-XiJ- y^ (atii khwend- (i)t) thou
Page 143 and 144:
Singular I) JJL)yc») y (amin bi-m-
Page 145 and 146:
Singular yiy) y^ u (ba amin bi VERB
Page 147 and 148:
Singular C".' 0^' (amin bi-lle-m) I
Page 149 and 150:
VERBS 147 Kurdish, is by adding (^^
Page 151 and 152:
VERBS 149 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD Present
Page 153 and 154:
VERBS 151 conjunctions employed wit
Page 155 and 156:
jl (hal-bastin) oi (birdin) to tie
Page 157 and 158:
jJi; \xr (takandin) jjL;ly.'(tfiand
Page 159 and 160:
jaj|__^» (hal-khirandin) to hack u
Page 161 and 162:
jaioC; j3 (ziringandin) to cause to
Page 163 and 164:
jb (kutan) to beat, to flog, to vac
Page 165 and 166:
yy\:> (da-girrin) to attack, to pre
Page 167 and 168:
jJli \l>'3 (wastandin) to cause to
Page 169 and 170:
VERBS 167 ngiien-a) 'cause thou to
Page 171 and 172:
VERBS 169 yJiî^ (heshtin) to leave
Page 173 and 174:
Singular b iyj />^^l»-(hazir-(i)m
Page 175 and 176:
VERBS Infinitive j|^_^\>-(hazir Imp
Page 177 and 178:
if I had been prepared, or if I sho
Page 179 and 180:
ö^y ■>^y. öiy ö^y ö>P Cf.J'.
Page 181 and 182:
VERBS 179 ö^P v >*" (kharap kirdin
Page 183 and 184:
VERBS 181 ö>y TtL^ (sulh kirdin) t
Page 185 and 186:
O^py 0^:ê ö>y S3ê ö>P^ (} jip j
Page 187 and 188:
VERBS jVi.p 0'*>-j (zahmat keshan)
Page 189 and 190:
VERBS 187 (lit. 'there is or exists
Page 191 and 192:
y(Ji (da-i-bil) he, she, it was hav
Page 193 and 194:
VERBS 191 yy JU (mal-(i)m bû-bû)o
Page 195 and 196:
VERBS 193 are jyy o.r yy3-_ and yy.
Page 197 and 198:
VERBS 195 prefix { or A . Example:
Page 199 and 200:
ADVERBS 197 in the 1st and 3rd pers
Page 201 and 202:
j_j^ u (ba baki) or 5 I) J 43. (ba
Page 203 and 204:
ijp 4) (la kiie) oy\ (era) oJ (I'er
Page 205 and 206:
S33^ S33'^ S33^33> daiiran-daûrai)
Page 207 and 208:
4;;i.j(wakht-a wakht) 3^ jV(i^'" ja
Page 209 and 210:
367. Adverbs of tS' 368. cr?(chi) i
Page 211 and 212:
PREPOSITIONS 209 U (ja) ] therefore
Page 213 and 214:
S\ (0 of y (sar) ^ (I'sar) PREPOSIT
Page 215 and 216:
CONJUNCTIONS 213 jLji (disan) U(nab
Page 217 and 218:
(haîf) (^jlj (zhare) olj (wa'h) 4u
Page 219 and 220:
FORMATION OF KURDISH WORDS jljlS (g
Page 221 and 222:
FORMATION OF KURDISH WORDS 219 chil
Page 223 and 224:
KURDISH COMPOUND WÔRDS 221 The fol
Page 225 and 226:
KURDISH COMPOUND WORDS 223 j->-jb (
Page 227 and 228:
KURDISH COMPOUND WORDS 225 408. Wor
Page 229 and 230:
KURDISH ORTHOGRAPHY 227 There are a
Page 231 and 232:
3^y. (perar) 3^y. J ; (basar perar)
Page 233 and 234:
MISCELLANEOUS 231 f..fi£- (asir) a
Page 235 and 236:
C'.-.«(mist) fist iJjiJ (nînûk)
Page 237 and 238:
SYNTAX, 235 Interrogative Sentences
Page 239 and 240:
SYNTAX. 237 dastî da) 'he dehvered
Page 241 and 242:
SYNTAX. 239 In polite conversation
Page 243 and 244:
SYNTAX. 241 ernor had caught them';
Page 245 and 246:
SYNTAX. 243 Sp^, sp (are hat-i ka g
Page 247 and 248:
SYNTAX 245 ^ OJly 4j (ba kurban-(i)
Page 249 and 250:
SYNTAX 247 Some Common Kurdish Prov
Page 251 and 252:
POETRY, 249 Sy y33> y> ' S3^ (^ ^ S
Page 253 and 254:
POETRY 251 wa sohbatani chak ^W t?"
Page 255 and 256:
SHORT STORIES 253 iilîjj s%- (J^ ^
Page 257 and 258:
SHORT STORIES 255 oy sy y ^ e3iy3j
Page 259 and 260:
SHORT STORIES 257 Cy ejiyJ jrJw>- ^
Page 261 and 262:
THE GOSPEL OF ST. JOHN^ 250 JlyLJ *
Page 263 and 264:
i THE GOSPEL OF ST. JOHN 261 * Ji Q
Page 265 and 266:
jl (ail) (1) pers. pron. he, she it
Page 267 and 268:
Ll*' O^ (baît-aniya) 3i (bir) yy (
Page 269 and 270:
Cjy (jut) pair, couple, twins, yoke
Page 271 and 272:
JLi-(khiyal) thought, mind, imagina
Page 273 and 274:
jiy 0-"lj (rast kirdin) to make str
Page 275 and 276:
y (shar) fight, quarrel, war, battl
Page 277 and 278:
'/ 4JL3 (kalima) term, word, (divin
Page 279 and 280:
% (malla) priest (Mohammedan). y (m
Page 281:
0»-j (wakht) VOCABULARY 279 time,
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