a-practical-kurdish-grammar

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58 A PRACTICAL KURDISH GRAMMAR \/Y VA \/\ \/\' "(/r r/t i/o y/y r/\ \ \r/t. (^ (haût-ek) dU.1* (hasht-ek) d\>y ("o-yek) d\)_ ©:> (da-yek) di-^ji (do se-yek) ilî- ^.S (se charak) or dli "j^ (_r^ (^^ charak-ek) dbtlj jl_j»- (chiiar penj-ek) (tXj^ 3^ (do haiit-ek) dl^sjl) (_^ (se yazda-ek) dlA>- o.^V-- (sezda chil-ek) 1/7 1/8 1/9 1/10 2/3 3/4 4/5 2/7 3/11 13/40 149. When a whole number and a fraction are used to¬ gether, the conjunction j (ö) or (wa) 'and', is put between them. Examples : dLu «^ i
ADJECTIVES 59 and three quarters o'clock', or 'three quarters of an hour past two'; Ûj>r dl _j 5xlo (penj ö yek charak) 'five and a. quar¬ ter o'clock'. The latter may also be rendered ÖS ,j^ j ^^_^ (penj Ö charak-ek). Multiples - 152. The multiple numbers are formed by suffixing 4»! (ana) to the cardinals. Examples: 4J\9l" (taq-ana) 'the only one' (only begotten). The Persian 4J \X) (yek-ana) is also used. 4Jlji (do-ana) 'twin' ; 4jL-.> (se-ana) 'triplet'; 4Jljl^»- (chûar-ana) 'quadruplet', etc. 153. For the multiple term 'fold', like 'two fold', 'five fold', 'ten fold', 'an hundred fold', etc., the Kurdish employs dij (yek) 'one', as the basis. After saying dl (yek), they state the number of the 'fold', and put the conjunction _j (ö) 'and' between them. Examples : ji j dl (.yek ö do) 'two fold' (lit. 'one and two'); rdo j dl (yek ö penj) 'five fold' (lit. 'one and five') ; 6.> j dl (yek ö da) 'ten fold'; Xp j d\j_ (yek 5 sat) 'an hundred fold', etc. 154. For the terms 'percentage' and 'interest', the Kurdish has no uniform and complete system of reckoning. There are three different and very incomplete systems, however, in general use. All of these employ oi (da) 'ten', as their basis. The first system: dl«J 4j o5 (da ba new-ek) '5%' (lit. 'ten for (by) a half); dl 4, ei (da ba yek) '10%'; _jJ J dl 4) 0.3 (da ba yek ö neû) '15%'; ji 4j ei (da ba do) '20%', etc. The second system : d\3 oi ^ ôi (da ba neû da-yek) '5%' (lit. 'ten for (by) half a tenth'); dl ei 4j ei
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liJi-" 31 *
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Fiintedby AUGSBUBG PUBLISHING HOUSE
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INTRODUCTORY REMARKS The Kurdish pe
Page 9 and 10: A PRACTICAL KURDISH GRAMMAR of the
Page 11 and 12: A PRACTICAL KURDISH GRAMMAR as clea
Page 13 and 14: A PRACTICAL KURDISH GRAMMAR 11 The
Page 15 and 16: A Practical Kurdish Grammar CHAPTER
Page 17 and 18: PHONETIC VALUE OF THE LETTERS 15 6.
Page 19 and 20: PHONETIC VALUE OF THE LETTERS 17 'z
Page 21 and 22: CONSONANTS 19 The varieties in dial
Page 23 and 24: VOWELS 21 VOWELS 39. It is becoming
Page 25 and 26: 45. Exercise in Spelling : VOWEL CH
Page 27 and 28: PROLONGED PRONUNCIATION 25 casional
Page 29 and 30: DIPHTHONGS 27 'balcony'; Cf'^j] (a
Page 31 and 32: NOUNS 29 61. In vowel changes, the
Page 33 and 34: NOUNS 31 Number 68. Plurals are gen
Page 35 and 36: ARTICLES 33 between the suffix and
Page 37 and 38: ARTICLES 35 amples: \^\ j\ (au agha
Page 39 and 40: DECLENSION 37 bination of ,Xê> (he
Page 41 and 42: DECLENSION 39 97. The preposition :
Page 43 and 44: DECLENSION 41 pies: «J ^ iS3 (y^^
Page 45 and 46: DECLENSION 43 109. The Locative Cas
Page 47 and 48: DECLENSION 45 4jI) (bab-a) 'O fathe
Page 49 and 50: Singular TABLE OF DECLENSION 47 Nom
Page 51 and 52: Plural / Nom. ö^p Gen. ^j \j\?^ iS
Page 53 and 54: ADJECTIVES 51 CHAPTER III ADJECTIVE
Page 55 and 56: ADJECTIVES 53 Note. The superlative
Page 57 and 58: Y A< ^« \ < r< \ 0 \ ' 0 < ADJECTI
Page 59: ADJECTIVES 57 amples: f^_ (yek-um)
Page 63 and 64: PRONOUNS 61 EXERCISE III Four horse
Page 65 and 66: Dat. y. 4^ (ba tti) to thee Ace. y'
Page 67 and 68: PRONOUNS 65 ija CJ» (nan- (i)t dad
Page 69 and 70: Dat. C>^ 4j (ba khöt) Ace. Cjy- -
Page 71 and 72: PRONOUNS 69 Voc. ojl (^l (aîawaî)
Page 73 and 74: PRONOUNS 71 Dat. (_^ "^^ (ba kie) t
Page 75 and 76: PRONOUNS 7Z Note. The pronunciation
Page 77 and 78: ^ jti (har chi) dA ..", T (tishtek)
Page 79 and 80: 192. VOCABULARY ejl (awa) this j1 (
Page 81 and 82: VERBS 79 Ö\mJ (tir-san), öyir (ch
Page 83 and 84: VERBS 81 certain word, and other di
Page 85 and 86: VERBS 83 201. In the Mongur dialect
Page 87 and 88: VERBS 85 an emphatic negarive. Exam
Page 89 and 90: VERBS 87 (5) The perfect tense indi
Page 91 and 92: VERBS 89 the conjugation of the int
Page 93 and 94: VERBS 91 Interrogatively, the futur
Page 95 and 96: Singular ^\^J /y\ (amin tirsa-m) I
Page 97 and 98: VERBS 95 234. The perfect tense for
Page 99 and 100: VERBS 97 tive' sense of the subjunc
Page 101 and 102: VERBS 99 the present subjunctive of
Page 103 and 104: VERBS 101 258. The 'apodosis', or c
Page 105 and 106: VERBS 103 4)Ul)U__;:; (birya amin n
Page 107 and 108: not stand alone and be used adjecti
Page 109 and 110: VERBS 107 Imperfect Tense Singular
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VERBS 109 would that I came, etc. |
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VERBS 111 274. Conjugation of the I
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40 J I (aii ni-ya) Plural /j»J 4.0
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Singular VERBS 115 Preterite Tense
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Plural VERBS 117 ^yyy 4*1 (ama bû
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VERBS 119 present subjunctive very
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VERBS 121 295. The same conjunction
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VERBS 123 ö\ y. öb^ (awan bi-bii
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VERBS 125 ted, by simply prefixing
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Singular Plural ^ y\ \) (ba amin b-
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VERBS 129 of them do not exist in t
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öy^ 6_yJ" (tewa chûn) to go VERBS
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yl]s (qalshin) to crack, to VERBS 1
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VERBS 135 ojjb (da-war-a) eAo\*b(da
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VERBS 137 j)_(en) to the present st
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C-XiJ- y^ (atii khwend- (i)t) thou
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Singular I) JJL)yc») y (amin bi-m-
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Singular yiy) y^ u (ba amin bi VERB
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Singular C".' 0^' (amin bi-lle-m) I
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VERBS 147 Kurdish, is by adding (^^
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VERBS 149 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD Present
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VERBS 151 conjunctions employed wit
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jl (hal-bastin) oi (birdin) to tie
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jJi; \xr (takandin) jjL;ly.'(tfiand
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jaj|__^» (hal-khirandin) to hack u
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jaioC; j3 (ziringandin) to cause to
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jb (kutan) to beat, to flog, to vac
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yy\:> (da-girrin) to attack, to pre
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jJli \l>'3 (wastandin) to cause to
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VERBS 167 ngiien-a) 'cause thou to
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VERBS 169 yJiî^ (heshtin) to leave
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Singular b iyj />^^l»-(hazir-(i)m
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VERBS Infinitive j|^_^\>-(hazir Imp
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if I had been prepared, or if I sho
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ö^y ■>^y. öiy ö^y ö>P Cf.J'.
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VERBS 179 ö^P v >*" (kharap kirdin
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VERBS 181 ö>y TtL^ (sulh kirdin) t
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O^py 0^:ê ö>y S3ê ö>P^ (} jip j
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VERBS jVi.p 0'*>-j (zahmat keshan)
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VERBS 187 (lit. 'there is or exists
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y(Ji (da-i-bil) he, she, it was hav
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VERBS 191 yy JU (mal-(i)m bû-bû)o
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VERBS 193 are jyy o.r yy3-_ and yy.
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VERBS 195 prefix { or A . Example:
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ADVERBS 197 in the 1st and 3rd pers
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j_j^ u (ba baki) or 5 I) J 43. (ba
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ijp 4) (la kiie) oy\ (era) oJ (I'er
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S33^ S33'^ S33^33> daiiran-daûrai)
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4;;i.j(wakht-a wakht) 3^ jV(i^'" ja
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367. Adverbs of tS' 368. cr?(chi) i
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PREPOSITIONS 209 U (ja) ] therefore
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S\ (0 of y (sar) ^ (I'sar) PREPOSIT
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CONJUNCTIONS 213 jLji (disan) U(nab
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(haîf) (^jlj (zhare) olj (wa'h) 4u
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FORMATION OF KURDISH WORDS jljlS (g
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FORMATION OF KURDISH WORDS 219 chil
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KURDISH COMPOUND WÔRDS 221 The fol
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KURDISH COMPOUND WORDS 223 j->-jb (
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KURDISH COMPOUND WORDS 225 408. Wor
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KURDISH ORTHOGRAPHY 227 There are a
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3^y. (perar) 3^y. J ; (basar perar)
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MISCELLANEOUS 231 f..fi£- (asir) a
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C'.-.«(mist) fist iJjiJ (nînûk)
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SYNTAX, 235 Interrogative Sentences
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SYNTAX. 237 dastî da) 'he dehvered
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SYNTAX. 239 In polite conversation
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SYNTAX. 241 ernor had caught them';
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SYNTAX. 243 Sp^, sp (are hat-i ka g
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SYNTAX 245 ^ OJly 4j (ba kurban-(i)
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SYNTAX 247 Some Common Kurdish Prov
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POETRY, 249 Sy y33> y> ' S3^ (^ ^ S
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POETRY 251 wa sohbatani chak ^W t?"
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SHORT STORIES 253 iilîjj s%- (J^ ^
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SHORT STORIES 255 oy sy y ^ e3iy3j
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SHORT STORIES 257 Cy ejiyJ jrJw>- ^
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THE GOSPEL OF ST. JOHN^ 250 JlyLJ *
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i THE GOSPEL OF ST. JOHN 261 * Ji Q
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jl (ail) (1) pers. pron. he, she it
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Ll*' O^ (baît-aniya) 3i (bir) yy (
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Cjy (jut) pair, couple, twins, yoke
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JLi-(khiyal) thought, mind, imagina
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jiy 0-"lj (rast kirdin) to make str
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y (shar) fight, quarrel, war, battl
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'/ 4JL3 (kalima) term, word, (divin
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% (malla) priest (Mohammedan). y (m
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0»-j (wakht) VOCABULARY 279 time,
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