a-practical-kurdish-grammar

242 A PRACTICAL KURDISH GRAMMAR
Subjunctive Mood
The particles which take the subjunctive mood are, 4SÖJ
(ranga), j»>^ (bashkam), |»>Ji.i(dashkam), j_^5Ju(balke) 'per¬
haps', 'maybe'; 3 I (agar) 'if; 4i (ka),LAta), y LA(hatakii)
'that', 'in order that' ; ,- ^* (har " chand) 'though', 'even though'.
Conditional Mood
The conditional mood is very often used instead of the
optative, and vice versa. Example: f^l^j'tV' r^l
(agar amin lawai bam) 'If I were there'. By employing the
optative particle uy (birya) 'would that', making it \y
C^. S3' y^ (birya amin lawai bam) 'would that I were
there', the conditional form of the verb p (bam) may also
be used optatively. This, however, is not the most correct
form for the optative. It should rather be fjP y^ \y
4j_U1> (birya amin lawai bam-aya). With the Iy' (birya)
should go the suffix 4)1 (aya), to make it a perfect optative,
' Infinitive
Instead of the regular infinitive, ending in j (n), the pres¬
ent subjunctive, 3rd person sing., in connection with the con¬
junction 43 (ka) 'that', is very often employed. Example:
Cy3^ y 4J d\z>: (chitek niya bo fröshtin) 'There is
nothing (for) to sell; ij^ 43 4J dJL:>-(chitek niya ka bi-
fröshe) 'there is nothing that he (a person) might sell;
(y.33'^iyy. lyiidastA pe kirt ba roini) or Ijy 435 ^y.cy^
(dasti pe kirt ka bi-röwa) 'He started to go'; ^S y S3^
(J Cyy (are bo gûe girtin hat-i) or a^ y\»> S3^