a-practical-kurdish-grammar

VERBS 95
234. The perfect tense forms in Kurdish, however, are quite
clear and distinct. The only difficulty met with is, to dis¬
tinguish between the 3rd person singular, perfect tense, and
the 3rd person singular, preterite tense, when the latter
employs the separable suffix ej (wa) 'again', denoting 're¬
peated action'. Examples: oj\^J j\ (au tirsaw-a) 'he has
feared', ajL-J j\ (au tirsa-a-wa) 'he feared again', or 'he
feared repeatedly' ; e^J I* j\ (ail hatii-a) 'he has come',
e^^lfc j\ (au hat-a-wa) 'he returned', or^ 'he came again';
ojll-l* _jl (au halistaw-a) 'he has risen', ejllJ* j)\(aû halista-
a-wa) 'he rose again'.
235. The negative is formed by simply prefixing the neg¬
ative particle j or 1» . Examples ^3^y ^j- (amin na-tirsaû-
m) 'I have not feared'; (Jj\->-y y\ (atu na-tirsaw-i) 'thou
hast not feared'; o_}\^y jl (au na-tirsaw-a) 'he, she, it has
not feared'.
Pluperfect Tense
Singular Plural
^y {j-y ^y>\ (amin tirsa
bû-m) I had
feared
iSy Uy y\ (atii tirsa bii-
i) thou
hadst feared
y \^J j\ (au tirsa bii-)
he, she, it
had feared
y_y \^y ,4«! (ama tirsa bii-
în) we had
feared
oy L-J ^Kangö tirsa
bii-n) you
had feared
oy Lj Obi (^^^^ ^^^^
bû-n) they
had feared