a-practical-kurdish-grammar

82 A PRACTICAL KURDISH GRAMMAR
3. (^ e;la ja(i)n, they
or o a, he, she, it |
Note.- Suffixed to nouns, adjectives or adverbs, these endings consti-
ytute
the present tense of the verb 'to be". Ex. («-*^ (garm-(i)m) 'I
am warm'; S^J^ (sard-I) 'thou art cold'; eXli (blind-a) he, she
or it is tall'; tJJc^ (lera-in) 'we are here'; Qi^ (lawai-n) 'you or
they are there'.
198. In the 3rd person singular, (_g (e) and \ (a) are about
equally much employed. The imperative stem generally
shows which one to use. Examples : (Jy^, (bisiit-e) 'burn
thou !', ^Jy> (dasût-e) 'he, she, it burns' ; 4X) (bik-a) 'do
thou!': bio(dak-a) 'he, she, it does', etc. There are many
exceptions to this rule, however. Examples : oyj (bikaw-a)
'fall thou !, (jp i (dakaw-e) 'he, she, it falls'.
199 W^hen the 'encliric form' of personal endings is joined
to nouns, adjectives, or pronouns, the 3rd person singular is
always « (a) or4j(ya). The latter follows when the word
ends in a vowel. Examples : e_5\j_ (piaw-a) 'it is a man' ;
4/.^(garm-a) 'it is warm';