a-practical-kurdish-grammar

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34 A PRACTICAL KURDISH GRAMMAR ka) 'the forest', for a^^p _jl (au kûr-a) 'the boy' (lit. 'this or that boy'); i^ jl(aiJ kich-a) 'the girl'; ejL) j! (aia piaw-a) 'the man'; e_jlji jl (au draw-a) 'the money'; 4j\>. jl (aii chay- a) 'the tea'; -ulr jl (aii ta ya) 'the bale', etc. Note. The demonstrative pronoun j^ (au) may also be used in con¬ nection with the suffi.K
ARTICLES 35 amples: \^\ j\ (au agha) 'the landlord' (lit. 'this or that landlord'), may also be written 4jlc.l jl (au agha-ya) ; - oVj (walat chilön-a) 'How is the country ?' ; jC^j dilt (khalk rahat-a) 'the people are quiet' ; ^^ :,'^ (kurd faqir-a) 'the Kurds are poor (humble)'. 84. Other substantives are so definite in themselves, that no Definite Article is necessary. Examples: oU Û (hakim hat) 'the Governor came' ; ^c,^j ^^,SC>- (hakim roi) 'the Doctor went'; 4i^ ^\^ (khanim nakhösh-a) 'the lady IS sick'; 4jô^ JU ^>:l,.!'(sahib mal lera pia) 'the landlord is not here', etc. 85. The Indefinite Article is generally expressed by em¬ ploying the numeral So (ek) as a suffix. Examples : S^j^ (kûr-ek) 'a boy' ; ^^ (kich-ek) 'a g'"'!'; ^j\'_ (pi-aw-ek) 'a man'; ^d.l.jlj:> (draw-ek) 'a coin'; tilW- (cha-y-ek) 'a tea'; " ciXlJ (ta-y-ek) 'a bale', etc. < 86. Final < , in a substantive, is usually assimilated by
Page 1: liJi-" 31 *
Page 4 and 5: Fiintedby AUGSBUBG PUBLISHING HOUSE
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTORY REMARKS The Kurdish pe
Page 9 and 10: A PRACTICAL KURDISH GRAMMAR of the
Page 11 and 12: A PRACTICAL KURDISH GRAMMAR as clea
Page 13 and 14: A PRACTICAL KURDISH GRAMMAR 11 The
Page 15 and 16: A Practical Kurdish Grammar CHAPTER
Page 17 and 18: PHONETIC VALUE OF THE LETTERS 15 6.
Page 19 and 20: PHONETIC VALUE OF THE LETTERS 17 'z
Page 21 and 22: CONSONANTS 19 The varieties in dial
Page 23 and 24: VOWELS 21 VOWELS 39. It is becoming
Page 25 and 26: 45. Exercise in Spelling : VOWEL CH
Page 27 and 28: PROLONGED PRONUNCIATION 25 casional
Page 29 and 30: DIPHTHONGS 27 'balcony'; Cf'^j] (a
Page 31 and 32: NOUNS 29 61. In vowel changes, the
Page 33 and 34: NOUNS 31 Number 68. Plurals are gen
Page 35: ARTICLES 33 between the suffix and
Page 39 and 40: DECLENSION 37 bination of ,Xê> (he
Page 41 and 42: DECLENSION 39 97. The preposition :
Page 43 and 44: DECLENSION 41 pies: «J ^ iS3 (y^^
Page 45 and 46: DECLENSION 43 109. The Locative Cas
Page 47 and 48: DECLENSION 45 4jI) (bab-a) 'O fathe
Page 49 and 50: Singular TABLE OF DECLENSION 47 Nom
Page 51 and 52: Plural / Nom. ö^p Gen. ^j \j\?^ iS
Page 53 and 54: ADJECTIVES 51 CHAPTER III ADJECTIVE
Page 55 and 56: ADJECTIVES 53 Note. The superlative
Page 57 and 58: Y A< ^« \ < r< \ 0 \ ' 0 < ADJECTI
Page 59 and 60: ADJECTIVES 57 amples: f^_ (yek-um)
Page 61 and 62: ADJECTIVES 59 and three quarters o'
Page 63 and 64: PRONOUNS 61 EXERCISE III Four horse
Page 65 and 66: Dat. y. 4^ (ba tti) to thee Ace. y'
Page 67 and 68: PRONOUNS 65 ija CJ» (nan- (i)t dad
Page 69 and 70: Dat. C>^ 4j (ba khöt) Ace. Cjy- -
Page 71 and 72: PRONOUNS 69 Voc. ojl (^l (aîawaî)
Page 73 and 74: PRONOUNS 71 Dat. (_^ "^^ (ba kie) t
Page 75 and 76: PRONOUNS 7Z Note. The pronunciation
Page 77 and 78: ^ jti (har chi) dA ..", T (tishtek)
Page 79 and 80: 192. VOCABULARY ejl (awa) this j1 (
Page 81 and 82: VERBS 79 Ö\mJ (tir-san), öyir (ch
Page 83 and 84: VERBS 81 certain word, and other di
Page 85 and 86: VERBS 83 201. In the Mongur dialect
Page 87 and 88:
VERBS 85 an emphatic negarive. Exam
Page 89 and 90:
VERBS 87 (5) The perfect tense indi
Page 91 and 92:
VERBS 89 the conjugation of the int
Page 93 and 94:
VERBS 91 Interrogatively, the futur
Page 95 and 96:
Singular ^\^J /y\ (amin tirsa-m) I
Page 97 and 98:
VERBS 95 234. The perfect tense for
Page 99 and 100:
VERBS 97 tive' sense of the subjunc
Page 101 and 102:
VERBS 99 the present subjunctive of
Page 103 and 104:
VERBS 101 258. The 'apodosis', or c
Page 105 and 106:
VERBS 103 4)Ul)U__;:; (birya amin n
Page 107 and 108:
not stand alone and be used adjecti
Page 109 and 110:
VERBS 107 Imperfect Tense Singular
Page 111 and 112:
VERBS 109 would that I came, etc. |
Page 113 and 114:
VERBS 111 274. Conjugation of the I
Page 115 and 116:
40 J I (aii ni-ya) Plural /j»J 4.0
Page 117 and 118:
Singular VERBS 115 Preterite Tense
Page 119 and 120:
Plural VERBS 117 ^yyy 4*1 (ama bû
Page 121 and 122:
VERBS 119 present subjunctive very
Page 123 and 124:
VERBS 121 295. The same conjunction
Page 125 and 126:
VERBS 123 ö\ y. öb^ (awan bi-bii
Page 127 and 128:
VERBS 125 ted, by simply prefixing
Page 129 and 130:
Singular Plural ^ y\ \) (ba amin b-
Page 131 and 132:
VERBS 129 of them do not exist in t
Page 133 and 134:
öy^ 6_yJ" (tewa chûn) to go VERBS
Page 135 and 136:
yl]s (qalshin) to crack, to VERBS 1
Page 137 and 138:
VERBS 135 ojjb (da-war-a) eAo\*b(da
Page 139 and 140:
VERBS 137 j)_(en) to the present st
Page 141 and 142:
C-XiJ- y^ (atii khwend- (i)t) thou
Page 143 and 144:
Singular I) JJL)yc») y (amin bi-m-
Page 145 and 146:
Singular yiy) y^ u (ba amin bi VERB
Page 147 and 148:
Singular C".' 0^' (amin bi-lle-m) I
Page 149 and 150:
VERBS 147 Kurdish, is by adding (^^
Page 151 and 152:
VERBS 149 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD Present
Page 153 and 154:
VERBS 151 conjunctions employed wit
Page 155 and 156:
jl (hal-bastin) oi (birdin) to tie
Page 157 and 158:
jJi; \xr (takandin) jjL;ly.'(tfiand
Page 159 and 160:
jaj|__^» (hal-khirandin) to hack u
Page 161 and 162:
jaioC; j3 (ziringandin) to cause to
Page 163 and 164:
jb (kutan) to beat, to flog, to vac
Page 165 and 166:
yy\:> (da-girrin) to attack, to pre
Page 167 and 168:
jJli \l>'3 (wastandin) to cause to
Page 169 and 170:
VERBS 167 ngiien-a) 'cause thou to
Page 171 and 172:
VERBS 169 yJiî^ (heshtin) to leave
Page 173 and 174:
Singular b iyj />^^l»-(hazir-(i)m
Page 175 and 176:
VERBS Infinitive j|^_^\>-(hazir Imp
Page 177 and 178:
if I had been prepared, or if I sho
Page 179 and 180:
ö^y ■>^y. öiy ö^y ö>P Cf.J'.
Page 181 and 182:
VERBS 179 ö^P v >*" (kharap kirdin
Page 183 and 184:
VERBS 181 ö>y TtL^ (sulh kirdin) t
Page 185 and 186:
O^py 0^:ê ö>y S3ê ö>P^ (} jip j
Page 187 and 188:
VERBS jVi.p 0'*>-j (zahmat keshan)
Page 189 and 190:
VERBS 187 (lit. 'there is or exists
Page 191 and 192:
y(Ji (da-i-bil) he, she, it was hav
Page 193 and 194:
VERBS 191 yy JU (mal-(i)m bû-bû)o
Page 195 and 196:
VERBS 193 are jyy o.r yy3-_ and yy.
Page 197 and 198:
VERBS 195 prefix { or A . Example:
Page 199 and 200:
ADVERBS 197 in the 1st and 3rd pers
Page 201 and 202:
j_j^ u (ba baki) or 5 I) J 43. (ba
Page 203 and 204:
ijp 4) (la kiie) oy\ (era) oJ (I'er
Page 205 and 206:
S33^ S33'^ S33^33> daiiran-daûrai)
Page 207 and 208:
4;;i.j(wakht-a wakht) 3^ jV(i^'" ja
Page 209 and 210:
367. Adverbs of tS' 368. cr?(chi) i
Page 211 and 212:
PREPOSITIONS 209 U (ja) ] therefore
Page 213 and 214:
S\ (0 of y (sar) ^ (I'sar) PREPOSIT
Page 215 and 216:
CONJUNCTIONS 213 jLji (disan) U(nab
Page 217 and 218:
(haîf) (^jlj (zhare) olj (wa'h) 4u
Page 219 and 220:
FORMATION OF KURDISH WORDS jljlS (g
Page 221 and 222:
FORMATION OF KURDISH WORDS 219 chil
Page 223 and 224:
KURDISH COMPOUND WÔRDS 221 The fol
Page 225 and 226:
KURDISH COMPOUND WORDS 223 j->-jb (
Page 227 and 228:
KURDISH COMPOUND WORDS 225 408. Wor
Page 229 and 230:
KURDISH ORTHOGRAPHY 227 There are a
Page 231 and 232:
3^y. (perar) 3^y. J ; (basar perar)
Page 233 and 234:
MISCELLANEOUS 231 f..fi£- (asir) a
Page 235 and 236:
C'.-.«(mist) fist iJjiJ (nînûk)
Page 237 and 238:
SYNTAX, 235 Interrogative Sentences
Page 239 and 240:
SYNTAX. 237 dastî da) 'he dehvered
Page 241 and 242:
SYNTAX. 239 In polite conversation
Page 243 and 244:
SYNTAX. 241 ernor had caught them';
Page 245 and 246:
SYNTAX. 243 Sp^, sp (are hat-i ka g
Page 247 and 248:
SYNTAX 245 ^ OJly 4j (ba kurban-(i)
Page 249 and 250:
SYNTAX 247 Some Common Kurdish Prov
Page 251 and 252:
POETRY, 249 Sy y33> y> ' S3^ (^ ^ S
Page 253 and 254:
POETRY 251 wa sohbatani chak ^W t?"
Page 255 and 256:
SHORT STORIES 253 iilîjj s%- (J^ ^
Page 257 and 258:
SHORT STORIES 255 oy sy y ^ e3iy3j
Page 259 and 260:
SHORT STORIES 257 Cy ejiyJ jrJw>- ^
Page 261 and 262:
THE GOSPEL OF ST. JOHN^ 250 JlyLJ *
Page 263 and 264:
i THE GOSPEL OF ST. JOHN 261 * Ji Q
Page 265 and 266:
jl (ail) (1) pers. pron. he, she it
Page 267 and 268:
Ll*' O^ (baît-aniya) 3i (bir) yy (
Page 269 and 270:
Cjy (jut) pair, couple, twins, yoke
Page 271 and 272:
JLi-(khiyal) thought, mind, imagina
Page 273 and 274:
jiy 0-"lj (rast kirdin) to make str
Page 275 and 276:
y (shar) fight, quarrel, war, battl
Page 277 and 278:
'/ 4JL3 (kalima) term, word, (divin
Page 279 and 280:
% (malla) priest (Mohammedan). y (m
Page 281:
0»-j (wakht) VOCABULARY 279 time,
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