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udgeting, and controlling processes (PBCP) for health care institutions. Schematic diagrams of each of the th.,:. processes are presented (Figures 2, 3, and 5) for the purposes of highlighting the important data elements, relationships, and decision points. These diagrams are not intended to preclude additional considerations or steps leading toward decisions, and the ensuing discussions must, because of space constraints, be restricted to general characteristics of the diagram elements. (For more detailed discussions of methodological options, evaluations, etc., see [201.) Programming Phase In the management control model described above, the initial planning step is that of deciding on the strategic plans for the organization. Once decided, the programs to be undertaken and the approximate amount of resources to be allocated to each program are determined. The outputs of this programmng process are decisions regarding the revenues, expenses, and capital requirements of patient care, teaching, research, and overhead programs; facility size; and objectives in the area of improving or ensuring production efficiency and effectiveness. The programming decisions are based on four major categories of informetion (see Figure 2). Marketing Information. The market served by the hospital should be understood well enough to permit costeffective planning, i.e., to determine the least costly arrangement of facilities and services, consonant with community needs. This should include three important types of information: 1) determination of service population of the hospital and its characteristics 121], 2) assessment of medical needs of the service population [221, and 3) assess- - 186 - Programing, Budgeting, and Control ment of potential areas for cooperation with other hospitals and providers [23]. It is recognized that difficulties arise in trying to define and measure need fnr medical services [24]. As a result, many of the contemporary planning models and the marketing information are demand based. It should be noted that increasingly hospitals are trying to influence the amount and configuration of their demand through various marketing efforts. Organizational Goals and $.trmiegic Plans. The developmeni, statement, and updating of organizatiorlal goals and strategic plans is the second major cf-t.gory of information necessary for ;h- programming process. These goals initially provide direction for the decision process and, later, become yardsticks along which various program;.3 can be evaluated. It is important that the formulation of these goals reflect - inputs from a variety of individuals within the organization, e.g., trustees, administrators, depar,..en* heads, etc. [17]. Such an exchange of ideas between individuals at the different levels not only provides useful suggestions in the planning process, but helps foster a córr-itment to the organization arid its plans [25]. Previous Year's Performance. The feedback loop in the general management control process can suggest areas whete adjustments are necessary and areas where expectations should be changed. The primary use of this information is the .evaluation of ongoing programs [3, Chap. 91, and the data is generated during the Controlling Phase which is discussed below. Externa) Constraints. The hospital industry operates within a larger legal and economic system and is regulated by a host of statutes and agencies.
ut, u a. íL ._c E 0 t42 a .. 0m u y E o, - 187 - Health Services Research
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L 00111111 MASTER COPY - NO TOCAR B
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- ii - liancock, W., D. Magerlein y
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FOREWORD These last years, PAHO wit
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Workshop .- Education in Operationa
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-3. The format of the workshop was
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-5- 2. Programs for bringing togeth
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II. R.commendations -7- A series of
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-9- there are technically trained i
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-11- and selected individuals who h
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-13- 6. In order to improve the qua
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-15- cnve!opment will typically be
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-17- 16. All participants sbould pr
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A. Short Courses -19- Short courses
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-21- 4. Presentation of a case to b
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Topic Introduction to Systems Analy
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-25- 12. Elementary Statistics ior
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-27- 8. Applications of data proces
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-29- problems. The graduate should
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-31- Lblo-w. Also given is that typ
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- 33 -' -Case Mix Definition by Dia
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- 35 - Acknowledgment The authors w
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ML ICAL CAE1 Februurl 1980, Vol. XV
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X;' VIII, No. 2. Suippllce,t - 39 -
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- 41 - dMLDICAL C.ARE '.Fcbrtanj 19
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\'nKV 111,I No. 2, IIIJ·,ri - 43 -
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- 57 - MEDICAL CARE Febiuary 1980,
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T XVIII. No. 2. S.pphlts"t .i¿jor
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·. ¥XVIII. No. 2 Supplement )i, "
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Vl. \'ll. No. 2. Sntiít'ult.uit M.
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- 91 - R. FRIRICHIS AND J. PRAWDA W
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- 93 - 414 R. FRRKICkIS AND J. PRAW
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- 99 - 420 R. MFRIlC}IS AND J. PRAW
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V - 101 - McUCi. (:Au AWuu IMI. VoL
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GREENLAND ET AL - 103 - the case (p
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CREENLAND iT AL - 105 - TABLE 2. Fi
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GREENLAND ET AL. 3. Cornfleld J, Ha
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160 I indicates the flow of patient
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162 CONGESTION POINTS ANU CONTROL.A
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164 c 8o Table 4. The cffect of cha
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166 B. LEV etal. significant differ
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MEREDITH - 117 - ciety. However. ch
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I MEREDITH - 119 - varying oulcome
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MEDICAL CARE ,arch 1981, Vol. XIX,
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%,I. XIX, No. 3 iclnts. It should d
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n'ol. XIX, No. 3 - 125 - tailed exa
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1 Vol. XIX. No. 3 - 127 - tant for
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Vi. .XIX, No. 3 - 129 - tom' s reco
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- 131 - A \ ,,1. XIX, No. 3 PEHFOHR
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V Xl. IX, No. 3 - 133 - PERFORMANCE
Page 141 and 142: - 135 - The fourth requirement is l
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Page 145 and 146: - 139 - 2. ldentify problemn areas
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Page 151 and 152: - 145 - Thc cu rrent appointmren t-
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Page 155 and 156: - 149 - ihe future. It was discover
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Page 167 and 168: .Recomme;tded systenz - 161 - .;any
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Page 175 and 176: - 169 - Larry J. Shumc- Harvey Wolf
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Page 179 and 180: - 173 - Regional Health Planning ar
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Page 183 and 184: - 177 - Regionao rfeclth Planning l
Page 185 and 186: A^CJonoal neonah ronning 21. 1'. F.
Page 187 and 188: - .,1 - Programming, Budgeting, and
Page 189 and 190: - 183 - the health care industí ,
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Page 205 and 206: Budgeting Attitudes - 199 - The pla
Page 207 and 208: - 201 Health Services Research most
Page 209 and 210: a. - 203 - Health Services Research
Page 211 and 212: - 205 - DESIGN OF ALTERNATIVE PROVI
Page 213 and 214: - 207 - 1. A change in the immigrat
Page 215 and 216: - 209 - accessibility of health car
Page 217 and 218: - 211 - dimensional graph to illust
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Page 221 and 222: - 215 - different health and educat
Page 223 and 224: - 217 - The tasks that were rated "
Page 225 and 226: IC1 o -a - i - w im W..i C -J M. -
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Page 229 and 230: TABLE 3 TASK ANALYSIS OF MALNUTRITI
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Page 233 and 234: - 227 - 12. Reisman, A., F.Staub, B
Page 235 and 236: - 229 - METHODS Parameters Affectin
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Page 239 and 240: - 233 - HANCOCK Table 1. Parameters
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- 237 - HANCOCK ET AL Fig. 4. Maxim
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- 239 - AECOCL. Table 2. Eflect of
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- 241 - HANCOCK Discussion ET AL Th
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#12 Estinating the Need for Additio
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Pri c= arvicc a ia Indina. - 245 -
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. 1' - - IIINDLE Algorithmn for Det
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- 249 - HINDLE that all tlie primar
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- 251 - HINDLE 6. Computc Mhe Avail
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- 253 - HINDLA Tablek Meamm of Zfic
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HINDLE Tr AL HIALTH falvCU - 255 -
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- 257 - HIiDLZ 26. Ado, An . ad L.
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- 259 - REISMIAN, DEAN, ESOOBUE, AG
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- 261 - REISMAN, DEAN, ESOGBUE, AGG
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- 263 - 1350 REISMiAN, DEAN, ESOOBU
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- 265 - REISMAN, DEAN, ESOOBUE, AGO
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- 267 - 1354 REISMAN, IEAN, ESOGCUE
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- 269 - William J. Abernothy and Jo
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- 271 - William J. Abernathy and Jo
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- 273 - William 1. Abernothy ond Jo
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- 275 - William J. Abrnarthy and Jo
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- 277 - William J. Abernathy and Jo
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- 279 - William J. Aberncthy and Jo
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- 281 - 642 William J. Abernathy an
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Decmand in Mintu és/Day Numnlber o
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Disposal System 326 IIstlic I,',i,
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i Trays 334 Colorful pattenis anid
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tiie, gency L:ghting 347 ,i',., .:.
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- 296 - REVEI.LE we believe to be t
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- 293 R£VELLE is apparent in light
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- 295 - REVEt.EI. ET AL. poSJcd pro
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- 297 - RM.VELLE EL AL. of faciliti
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REVELLE ET AL. HALTOI SERVICUS RESE
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REVELLE ET Al.. - 301 - Fig. 4. Ano
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- 303 - REVet. ¡T AL Act of 1973.
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- 305 - REVELLE possible within ilh
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- 307 - RLVELI.E 29- Khumawala. a.
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- 309 - assuring thal the maxinmum
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-311 - the implemented strategy he
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- 313 - analytical approximalions w
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- 315 - rcquired Ior shipping and o
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- 317 - Controlling ¡he system The
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- 319 - The light pen techniques ar
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- 321 - shipnients have to be on ro
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- 323 THE CREATER NEIW' YORK BLOOD
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_,~ .- - 3. 2- - TABLE 1. PATIENT C
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TABLE 3. MEDICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNI
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Nursing Stalf Level (i of nurss/day
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Table 1. Factors ¡i denad for medi
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e forecast. This section descijbcs
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ei, paid to these standards in cond
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O Emphasis u.on the explicit enumer
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*1 1 21 1 «i 1 1 1 1 - 331, -- For
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Therc are ihreec basic prcessecs fi
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- 343 - Forecasting Hcalth Care Ser
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#20 Jaime 1B. Henrs Rtxlnc. I.. Ro:
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- 347 - I v,'N ti.K 1tHm.pi.l !, t1
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Ra.fo.renem.. aid %.hs '. - 31!9 -
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; / larman u empirical research has
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I Klarman - >3 - benefits that for
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I Klaman Ctitena for Inchmion - 355
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IClarman - 37 - The prevailing tend
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1 Klarman Intargibl Benefits - .5 -
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Kllarman - 361 - thi prospects of r
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- 363 - Thua, it did not consider w
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I Klannan - 365 - again if the new
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Klarman - 367 - At the other pole,
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- 369 - seem worth exploring. Howev
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iKlarman - 371 - in the use of serv
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Kmnnan - 373 - REFERENCES 1. Havema
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- 375 - 59. Valr y, W. S. One eonoi
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- 377 - i aSll a _ . b, CuaMu L. L,
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WAHRNER ANI) I|UTTr)N The puroses I
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WARNER AND HUTfON - 381 - observers
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.AHNF:R AND IIl'TIoN - 383 - rare I
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WARNER AND HUTTrU., TABLE 1. Trenda
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W'AHNER AND IHUTTON - 387 - treatme
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AAHNER AND HU'TON - 389 - Several d
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WARNER AND HUTTON pal orientations
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w'ARNER AND UL'TTOit'u ' . N Engl I
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I,,qr *ir 'ilu.,i XV. Seplteri¡br
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In.lumin- i',)i.eIu XV. Seph.irhb'r
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In#unrvlVolutn XV. September 1978 h
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Problemas identificados - 401 - Dur
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Programas educativos 3 - 403 - 1. S
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- 405 - maestrfa, donde se supone q
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- 407 - presentación formal de inf
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- 409 - * Curso para ingenieros ind
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- 411 - ¢ 16. Hancock, W., D. Mage
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- 413 - 2. Barrenechea, J. J. La se
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- 415 - Curwso (8 a 16 horas) para
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- 417 - 4. Necesidades de los admin
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MOISES ARTEAGA DR. DAVID GOMEZ COVA
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