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1 co a cg .wb u iz 1 PoIn 00 2;2 E ce - 196 - ,
- 197 - analysis, forecasting, and negotiation activities in the programming and budgeting phases. For the nonfinancial objectives, explicit statements of expectations should be available from the planning phase. Information about actual outcomes should be available from the organization's management information system. The data should be accurate, provided on a timely basis, and must be comparable with data from the budgeting system. This generally means that the hospital's financial accounting system must have the ability to 1) accumulate expense items by responsibility center, 2) provide cost accounting systems for calculating per-únit costs, and 3) collect operating statistics as an integral part of the systematic management information system. Davis and Freeman (641 offer some suggestions on how to evaluate management information systems, and DATAPRO [651 specifies some guidelines for judging commercial software packages. The assessment of performance should be as timely as data permits. The first cut at the analysis should be standardized management reports of four types: 1. Productivity Monitoring. Reports in which the productivity (output + input) of responsibility centers and/ or individual providers is measured. These reports compare actual measures with internal and/or external standards [17, Chap. 18; 66-681. 2. Variance Analysis. Methodologies for estimating the difference between budgeted and actual accounts. Such analyses can be performed at the total or gross variance level for specific responsibility center or line items [691 or at the component variance levels [9, pp. 82-85; 701. Component variance analysis attempts to partition the total experience into Health Services Research parts which correspond to identifiable causes, e.g., price, volume, supply quantity, etc. 3. Operational Audit. Process of examining the operations of departments and organizational control systems to assess their effectiveness. The process is concerned with problem detection rather than problem solving [711. 4. Financial Statement Analysis. Methodologies for analyzing the organization's financial performance as a whole and assessing its financial position 172,73]. The purpose óf this first cut analysis is to systematically identify problems and, to the extent possible, their apparent causes. When problems are indicated, further analysis and discussions with responsibility managers are generally necessary to identify the true causes and the appropriate courses of action. The reporting and analysis of performance serve several purposes. First, the reports are used to keep management informed of what is happening in the different responsibility centers. Management can, when necessary, take appropriate action on the basis of these reports, or can initiate additional analyses. Second, they can be used to evaluate the performance of responsibility center heads. Third, such reports may indicate that the budgeting process should be altered. Fourth, the reports can be useful in educating department heads to the financial consequences of their decisions. Without such reports, department heads may be unable to make staffing and scheduling decisions which are consistent with the overall goals of efficiency and effectiveness. The controlling phase should be viewed as a feedback loop to the programming and budgeting phase. Analyzing performance will have little
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L 00111111 MASTER COPY - NO TOCAR B
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- ii - liancock, W., D. Magerlein y
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FOREWORD These last years, PAHO wit
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Workshop .- Education in Operationa
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-3. The format of the workshop was
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-5- 2. Programs for bringing togeth
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II. R.commendations -7- A series of
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-9- there are technically trained i
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-11- and selected individuals who h
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-13- 6. In order to improve the qua
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-15- cnve!opment will typically be
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-17- 16. All participants sbould pr
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A. Short Courses -19- Short courses
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-21- 4. Presentation of a case to b
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Topic Introduction to Systems Analy
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-25- 12. Elementary Statistics ior
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-27- 8. Applications of data proces
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-29- problems. The graduate should
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-31- Lblo-w. Also given is that typ
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- 33 -' -Case Mix Definition by Dia
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- 35 - Acknowledgment The authors w
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ML ICAL CAE1 Februurl 1980, Vol. XV
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X;' VIII, No. 2. Suippllce,t - 39 -
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- 41 - dMLDICAL C.ARE '.Fcbrtanj 19
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\'nKV 111,I No. 2, IIIJ·,ri - 43 -
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Vol. XVIII, No. 2, Supplenent - 45
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'Vol. XVIII. No. 2, Supplemient - 4
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?Vol. XVIII. No. 2. Sttilluleareilt
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.'yo. XVIII. No. 2, Supplentcsit Si
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.V'oL XVIII. No. 2. Stpphlidary dia
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Vol..'XVlII, No. 2, Supplement - 55
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- 57 - MEDICAL CARE Febiuary 1980,
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- 59 - .SlDiCL ( :AL.. FcbnartlrJ p
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Vol. XVIII, No. 2, Suppletiment - 6
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- 65 - £.¡EDCAL CARE ebrNuarV 1;9
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Vol. XVIII, No. 2, Sn",,phl- steal
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VoL XVIII. No. 2, Supplemnlent - 69
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'XVII. No. 2. Supplement - 71 - P)i
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;.'. 'Vol. XVIII. No. 2. Siupplemen
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,VoL XVIII, No. 2, Supplement Major
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.. Vol. XVIII, No. 2. Supl|lemcent
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i,..X VIII. No. 2. Supplemeiint - 8
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T XVIII. No. 2. S.pphlts"t .i¿jor
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·. ¥XVIII. No. 2 Supplement )i, "
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- 87 - 'i1. XVIII. No. -. Supplemne
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Vl. \'ll. No. 2. Sntiít'ult.uit M.
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- 91 - R. FRIRICHIS AND J. PRAWDA W
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- 93 - 414 R. FRRKICkIS AND J. PRAW
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- 95 - R. F'RERICItS'AND J. PRAWDA
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- 97 - R. F'RRICHS AND J. PRAWDA wh
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- 99 - 420 R. MFRIlC}IS AND J. PRAW
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V - 101 - McUCi. (:Au AWuu IMI. VoL
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GREENLAND ET AL - 103 - the case (p
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CREENLAND iT AL - 105 - TABLE 2. Fi
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GREENLAND ET AL. 3. Cornfleld J, Ha
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160 I indicates the flow of patient
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162 CONGESTION POINTS ANU CONTROL.A
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164 c 8o Table 4. The cffect of cha
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166 B. LEV etal. significant differ
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MEREDITH - 117 - ciety. However. ch
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I MEREDITH - 119 - varying oulcome
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MEDICAL CARE ,arch 1981, Vol. XIX,
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%,I. XIX, No. 3 iclnts. It should d
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n'ol. XIX, No. 3 - 125 - tailed exa
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1 Vol. XIX. No. 3 - 127 - tant for
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Vi. .XIX, No. 3 - 129 - tom' s reco
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- 131 - A \ ,,1. XIX, No. 3 PEHFOHR
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V Xl. IX, No. 3 - 133 - PERFORMANCE
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- 135 - The fourth requirement is l
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- 137 - Systems and Procedures of P
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- 139 - 2. ldentify problemn areas
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c 1 '-a
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u. o a.- 1 W. LZi - 143 - c c S C.
Page 151 and 152: - 145 - Thc cu rrent appointmren t-
Page 153 and 154: - 147 - A pure block appointment sy
Page 155 and 156: - 149 - ihe future. It was discover
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Page 159 and 160: - 153 - Figui.'¢ VII. Patient Arri
Page 161 and 162: - 155 - sonnel working in positions
Page 163 and 164: - 157 - 17. Keep the time span of t
Page 165 and 166: - 159 - TABLE I: Pnmary DesklConsul
Page 167 and 168: .Recomme;tded systenz - 161 - .;any
Page 169 and 170: - 163 - system, there is nr'. :vste
Page 171 and 172: - 165 - - A major problem with such
Page 173 and 174: - 167 - T1c Iteole of Olieraionls R
Page 175 and 176: - 169 - Larry J. Shumc- Harvey Wolf
Page 177 and 178: - 171 - '- ionoal Heolth Ploanning
Page 179 and 180: - 173 - Regional Health Planning ar
Page 181 and 182: - 175 - Regio.,oi Health Planning w
Page 183 and 184: - 177 - Regionao rfeclth Planning l
Page 185 and 186: A^CJonoal neonah ronning 21. 1'. F.
Page 187 and 188: - .,1 - Programming, Budgeting, and
Page 189 and 190: - 183 - the health care industí ,
Page 191 and 192: - 185 - was apparently no scarcity.
Page 193 and 194: ut, u a. íL ._c E 0 t42 a .. 0m u
Page 195 and 196: plex stochastic distribution of arr
Page 197 and 198: - 191 cumulated according to any or
Page 199 and 200: - 193 - Step 2 represents the heart
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Page 205 and 206: Budgeting Attitudes - 199 - The pla
Page 207 and 208: - 201 Health Services Research most
Page 209 and 210: a. - 203 - Health Services Research
Page 211 and 212: - 205 - DESIGN OF ALTERNATIVE PROVI
Page 213 and 214: - 207 - 1. A change in the immigrat
Page 215 and 216: - 209 - accessibility of health car
Page 217 and 218: - 211 - dimensional graph to illust
Page 219 and 220: - 213 - Primary Care Health Service
Page 221 and 222: - 215 - different health and educat
Page 223 and 224: - 217 - The tasks that were rated "
Page 225 and 226: IC1 o -a - i - w im W..i C -J M. -
Page 227 and 228: 0 z 0 u _ I- 0 Ut. I,, uj CD Q U- ,
Page 229 and 230: TABLE 3 TASK ANALYSIS OF MALNUTRITI
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Page 233 and 234: - 227 - 12. Reisman, A., F.Staub, B
Page 235 and 236: - 229 - METHODS Parameters Affectin
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Page 239 and 240: - 233 - HANCOCK Table 1. Parameters
Page 241 and 242: - 235 - Fig. 3. Maximum average occ
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Page 245 and 246: - 239 - AECOCL. Table 2. Eflect of
Page 247 and 248: - 241 - HANCOCK Discussion ET AL Th
Page 249 and 250: #12 Estinating the Need for Additio
Page 251 and 252: Pri c= arvicc a ia Indina. - 245 -
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. 1' - - IIINDLE Algorithmn for Det
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- 249 - HINDLE that all tlie primar
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- 251 - HINDLE 6. Computc Mhe Avail
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- 253 - HINDLA Tablek Meamm of Zfic
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HINDLE Tr AL HIALTH falvCU - 255 -
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- 257 - HIiDLZ 26. Ado, An . ad L.
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- 259 - REISMIAN, DEAN, ESOOBUE, AG
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- 261 - REISMAN, DEAN, ESOGBUE, AGG
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- 263 - 1350 REISMiAN, DEAN, ESOOBU
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- 265 - REISMAN, DEAN, ESOOBUE, AGO
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- 267 - 1354 REISMAN, IEAN, ESOGCUE
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- 269 - William J. Abernothy and Jo
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- 271 - William J. Abernathy and Jo
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- 273 - William 1. Abernothy ond Jo
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- 275 - William J. Abrnarthy and Jo
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- 277 - William J. Abernathy and Jo
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- 279 - William J. Aberncthy and Jo
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- 281 - 642 William J. Abernathy an
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Decmand in Mintu és/Day Numnlber o
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Disposal System 326 IIstlic I,',i,
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i Trays 334 Colorful pattenis anid
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tiie, gency L:ghting 347 ,i',., .:.
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- 296 - REVEI.LE we believe to be t
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- 293 R£VELLE is apparent in light
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- 295 - REVEt.EI. ET AL. poSJcd pro
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- 297 - RM.VELLE EL AL. of faciliti
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REVELLE ET AL. HALTOI SERVICUS RESE
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REVELLE ET Al.. - 301 - Fig. 4. Ano
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- 303 - REVet. ¡T AL Act of 1973.
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- 305 - REVELLE possible within ilh
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- 307 - RLVELI.E 29- Khumawala. a.
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- 309 - assuring thal the maxinmum
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-311 - the implemented strategy he
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- 313 - analytical approximalions w
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- 315 - rcquired Ior shipping and o
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- 317 - Controlling ¡he system The
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- 319 - The light pen techniques ar
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- 321 - shipnients have to be on ro
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- 323 THE CREATER NEIW' YORK BLOOD
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_,~ .- - 3. 2- - TABLE 1. PATIENT C
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TABLE 3. MEDICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNI
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Nursing Stalf Level (i of nurss/day
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Table 1. Factors ¡i denad for medi
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e forecast. This section descijbcs
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ei, paid to these standards in cond
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O Emphasis u.on the explicit enumer
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*1 1 21 1 «i 1 1 1 1 - 331, -- For
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Therc are ihreec basic prcessecs fi
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- 343 - Forecasting Hcalth Care Ser
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#20 Jaime 1B. Henrs Rtxlnc. I.. Ro:
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- 347 - I v,'N ti.K 1tHm.pi.l !, t1
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Ra.fo.renem.. aid %.hs '. - 31!9 -
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; / larman u empirical research has
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I Klarman - >3 - benefits that for
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I Klaman Ctitena for Inchmion - 355
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IClarman - 37 - The prevailing tend
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1 Klarman Intargibl Benefits - .5 -
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Kllarman - 361 - thi prospects of r
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- 363 - Thua, it did not consider w
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I Klannan - 365 - again if the new
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Klarman - 367 - At the other pole,
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- 369 - seem worth exploring. Howev
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iKlarman - 371 - in the use of serv
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Kmnnan - 373 - REFERENCES 1. Havema
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- 375 - 59. Valr y, W. S. One eonoi
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- 377 - i aSll a _ . b, CuaMu L. L,
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WAHRNER ANI) I|UTTr)N The puroses I
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WARNER AND HUTfON - 381 - observers
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.AHNF:R AND IIl'TIoN - 383 - rare I
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WARNER AND HUTTrU., TABLE 1. Trenda
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W'AHNER AND IHUTTON - 387 - treatme
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AAHNER AND HU'TON - 389 - Several d
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WARNER AND HUTTON pal orientations
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w'ARNER AND UL'TTOit'u ' . N Engl I
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I,,qr *ir 'ilu.,i XV. Seplteri¡br
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In.lumin- i',)i.eIu XV. Seph.irhb'r
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In#unrvlVolutn XV. September 1978 h
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Problemas identificados - 401 - Dur
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Programas educativos 3 - 403 - 1. S
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- 405 - maestrfa, donde se supone q
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- 407 - presentación formal de inf
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- 409 - * Curso para ingenieros ind
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- 411 - ¢ 16. Hancock, W., D. Mage
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- 413 - 2. Barrenechea, J. J. La se
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- 415 - Curwso (8 a 16 horas) para
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- 417 - 4. Necesidades de los admin
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MOISES ARTEAGA DR. DAVID GOMEZ COVA
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