AsseMec120_MAGGIU_2017

MERCATI ESTERI
Il secondo produttore in Europa
nel settore automotive
Per quanto riguarda le importazioni, i settori più importanti
per la Spagna sono l’energia (circa 20%), i prodotti chimici
(16%), il settore automobilistico (13%) e i beni di consumo
(12%). La Germania è il primo partner commerciale
della Spagna, con una quota del 13%. Seguono la Francia
(10,8%), la Cina (8,6%) e l’Italia (6,3%). L’Italia è quindi
tra i principali partner commerciali del paese iberico, soprattutto
nella vendita di prodotti chimici, componenti e
accessori per l’industria automobilistica e prodotti siderurgici.
I principali investimenti italiani nel paese interessano
la fabbricazione di materiale e macchinari elettrici (37%),
il commercio all’ingrosso (15%) e le costruzioni edili (7%).
Il settore automotive è spesso utilizzato quale chiave di lettura
del grado di automazione di una nazione. La Spagna
è il secondo produttore in Europa e l’ottavo al mondo.
Vanta il primato europeo nell’ambito dei veicoli industriali
con la presenza di 9 multinazionali e 17 impianti di produzione.
Circa l’83% dei veicoli prodotti in Spagna vengono
venduti all’estero, in un centinaio nazioni e - dato ancora
più interessante - la Spagna è sede di circa 1000 aziende
di piccole e medie dimensioni che costituiscono il settore
dei fornitori per l’industria automotive.
Questo settore rappresenta circa il 10% del PIL e il 20% delle
esportazioni nazionali, dando lavoro a 300.000 persone.
Nel 2014 la produzione industriale spagnola nel settore è
cresciuta dell’11%, raggiungendo i 2,4 milioni di autovetture
prodotte, poi salite a 2,6 milioni nel 2015. Per il 2017 si
pensa che la produzione industriale possa raggiungere i 3
rather than by the business volume generated by the
Italian companies in a specific sector, combined with
the growth forecasts in percent in the given nation.
It is interesting to understand the euro value that a
given country is able to provide to Italian companies
over the next three years. This concept (“Dollar vs
Percentage Growth”) will guide future analysis even
in identifying the “new markets”. The next articles will
highlight how new markets, in this view, are in fact in
Europe.
When analyzing the monetary value and growth as
a percentage of the Italian mechanics in the various
European countries, it is extremely interesting to notice
that nations with the largest volume of turnover often
develop the highest growth rates in the purchase of
Italian mechanics.
It is therefore not correct to think that high growth
opportunities are associated to low export volumes of
Italian mechanical goods.
The figures show exactly the opposite: wherever the
Italian mechanical goods are already in the country
and Italian companies have been able to show their
skills both from a technological and commercial point
of view, then there are interesting opportunities for
future growth. To validate our opinion we will therefore
consider economies such as France, Germany and the
United States in the next issues.
A dynamic economy after the crisis
Spain is a constitutional monarchy with a population
of about 46.4 million inhabitants, a per capita GDP of
about €22,279 and a gross domestic product of just
over one billion euro. With a very low inflation rate and
a debt to GDP ratio of about 100%, this economy has
similar figures compared to Italy. During the financial
crisis, the unemployment rate exceeded the levels
of Italy and yet today Spain is growing by around
3%. It is indeed one of the most dynamic post-crisis
economies, with an unemployment rate of about 11%.
It is good to remind that the Iberian peninsula,
regardless of its GDP that makes it the 14th world
economy, has always been a bridge to North
Africa and especially a preferred partner for the
development of business relations in Central and South
America.
Most of the Spanish work force is in services (76%),
industry (14%), construction (6%) and agriculture (4%).
According to the National Statistics Institute, in 2015
the lower growth rate was in agriculture (0.5%) and
services (2.9%), while the most significant data come
precisely from the industry, grown by 3.6% and the
construction sector, grown by 5.8%. Industry is one of
the main growth driver of the Spanish economy, the
target sector for the Italian mechanical goods.
The second European manufacturer
in the automotive sector
As regards to imports, the most important sectors for
Spain are energy, which accounts for approximately
20%, chemicals (16%), automotive (13%) and
consumer goods (12%). Spain’s top trading partners
are Germany (13%), France (10.8%), China (8.6%)
and Italy (6.3%). Italy ranks therefore among the
main trading partners in the country especially as for
chemical products, components and accessories
for the automotive industry and steel products. The
main Italian investments in the country deal with
the manufacturing of electrical machinery for 37%,
wholesale for 15% and constructions for 7%.
The automotive sector is often used as a key to
understanding a nation’s degree of automation. Spain
is the second largest manufacturer in Europe and the
104 MAGGIO-GIUGNO 2017 & meccatronica 120