Cork insulation; a complete illustrated textbook on cork insulation ...

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208 CORK INSULATION ing capacity. It costs more to make both sides of a building wall equally straight and smooth ; but if the latest, approved <strong>insulation</strong> specifications are to be carried out, this point must be given necessary advance attention. The <strong>insulation</strong> specification usually followed for many years was to apply the first layer of corkboard to the new, clean building wall in a bedding of Portland cement, then apply the second layer to the first in a bedding of Portland cement, or in hot, odorless asphalt, and then finish the insulation off with Portland cement plaster, applied in two coats. Thus surfaces to receive <strong>insulation</strong> had to be only reasonably smooth ; but failures of <strong>insulation</strong> applied in this way, especially in ice storage houses, became sufficiently numerous, as the years passed, to finally justify active investigation of the subject by manufacturers and important users; and the failures of <strong>insulation</strong>, aside from those due to poor materials and workmanship at the time of installation, were traceable to moisture in the <strong>insulation</strong>, which collected after the corkboard had been in service for some time and which in time caused disintegration of the corkboard through the decomposition of the resin binder in contact with water or which caused more rapid disintegration from alternate freezing and thawing of moisture in the <strong>insulation</strong>. These investigations conclu- sively demonstrated that this moisture found its way into the cork <strong>insulation</strong> through two distinct and different sources. When water is precipitated on the plastered surface of an insulated cold storage room, by the condensation of moisture out of the air against a cool surface, a part of such water is absorbed by the plaster by capillarity, which tends slowly to disintegrate the plaster while placing a portion of this moisture on the surface of the <strong>insulation</strong> directly behind the plaster. The cork, unlike other materials, will not take up this water by capillarity, as previously explained, but such water may find its way into the corkboards by gravity, travel- ing through small interstices or voids between the particles of cork bark used in the manufacture of the corkboard. While manufacturers now understand and appreciate that the modern corkboard product of maximum worth must be compact and free from voids to the greatest possible extent, yet it would
STRUCTURAL SUGGESTIONS 209 appear that in the manufacturing process all voids, especially surface voids, cannot be eliminated. Thus water in contact, as just explained, has been knov^-n to penetrate corkboard <strong>insulation</strong> to a depth of an inch or so toward the outside building M'alls. Water may also find its way into corkboard <strong>insulation</strong> through an entirely different source, that is, from the outside of the building. When the temperature of a cold storage room is lowered by refrigeration, the air in that room contracts with cooling, because cold air occupies less space than the same original volume of warm air. Thus the cooling of the air in a cold storage room creates in that room a temporary partial vacuum, or an unequal pressure between the inside and the outside of the room. If the room is tightly closed, air will be sucked through the building walls and the insulation, to balance the unequal pressures, and this air, carrying with it water in suspension, the quantity measurable by the humidity of the air, wuU precipitate its moisture in the insulated wall where the dew point is reached. The discovery of these two distinct ways in which moisture is placed in corkboard <strong>insulation</strong> has been of great value in revising <strong>insulation</strong> specifications. The air-proofing of the surfaces to which the <strong>insulation</strong> of cold storage rooms is applied, to be carried out as best as possible under each set of conditions, is now done wherever possible or feasible, so that instead of air being drawn through the building walls and the <strong>insulation</strong> to compensate a partial vacuum, such air will be supplied through some other channel or in some other way. For example, it is now frequently the practice in large ice storage houses to install a small air compensating vent door or opening in or near the ceiling. It will be noted that surfaces to receive <strong>insulation</strong> are recommended to be air-proofed, not water-proofed ; and the necessity for air-proofing is believed to increase with decrease of cold storage room operating temperature, and in a general way with the size of the room, that is, the greater the cubical content of the room the greater will be the vacuum effect produced by the refrigeration. Again, the choice of the kind of materials used in the building construction, for instance, will decrease or increase the resistance of the passage of air.
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^oofe^a- 1842.4 This book may be ke
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Cork Insulation A
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To the Memory of JAMES EDWARD QUIGL
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tion of cork to other and more remo
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER VI.
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X TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER XIII. C
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xii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER XVIII
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2 CORK INSULATION floats for nets,
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CORK INSULATION vfany attem])ts lia
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6 CORK INSULATION •^ 4.—Home of
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8 CORK INSULATION and fifty feet an
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CHAPTER II. CORK STRIPPING. 6.—Re
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12 CORK INSULATION the cork oak tre
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14 CORK INSULATION seasoning prelim
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CHAPTER III. USES OF CORKWOOD AND U
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S CORK INSULATION 12.—Importance
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20 CORK INSULATION usually scraped,
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22 CORK INSULATION ful utilization
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24 CORK INSULATION from capillarity
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26 CORK INSULATION in place and spi
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28 CORK INSULATION for cold storage
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30 CORK INSULATION very substantial
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Z2 CORK INSULATION came The Nonpare
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34 CORK INSULATION glass bottle, al
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36 CORK INSULATION merit and an eff
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38 CORK INSULATION Paragraph 340.
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40 CORK INSULATION turning those st
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42 CORK INSULATION tip
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44 CORK INSULATION IMPORTS INTO UNI
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46 CORK INSULATION IMPORTS INTO UNI
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IMPORTS INTO UNITED STATES CORK INS
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so CORK INSULATION IMPORTS INTO UNI
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52 CORK INSULATION < i 2
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54 CORK INSULATION
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56 CORK INSULATION
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58 CORK INSULATION IMPORTS ENTERED
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70 CORK INSULATION O" coo I lOiM <
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72 CORK INSULATION crease by its be
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74 CORK INSULATION the tube and mer
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76 CORK INSULATION cooled, the air
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78 CORK INSULATION ordinary pressur
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80 CORK INSULATION sion. If a subst
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CHAPTER VIII. MEASUREMENT OF HEAT,
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84 CORK INSULATION equal to unity,
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86 CORK INSULATION The heat of fusi
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88 CORK INSULATION vaporize, and wh
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90 CORK INSULATION a pressure of 35
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92 CORK INSULATION of such air at t
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94 CORK INSULATION RELATIVE HUMIDIT
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96 CORK INSULATION and the temperat
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98 CORK INSULATION perature of the
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100 CORK INSULATION INTERNAL THERMA
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102 CORK INSULATION usually classed
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104 CORK INSULATION lose by radiati
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106 CORK INSULATION age wall <stron
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108 CORK INSULATION It will be seen
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110 CORK INSULATION H=K A (.U—U)
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112 CORK INSULATION : equals 17917,
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114 CORK INSULATION convection, and
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116 CORK INSULATION metal boxes wit
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118 CORK INSULATION the test box wi
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120 CORK INSULATION the areas and t
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122 CORK INSULATION 79.—Tests by
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124 CORK INSULATION a narrow limit,
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126 CORK INSULATION In addition to
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128 CORK INSULATION applications we
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130 CORK INSULATION
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132 CORK INSULATION j;aii 03 O .O 2
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134 CORK INSULATION
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136 CORK INSULATION
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138 CORK INSULATION
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140 CORK INSULATION
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142 CORK INSULATION
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144 CORK INSULATION
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146 CORK INSULATION
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148 CORK INSULATION
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ISO CORK INSULATION ^ I CO « O :s
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152 CORK INSULATION
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154 CORK INSULATION
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156 CORK INSULATION o ffi K K a ,=5
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Page 182 and 183: 166 CORK INSULATION Section XI of *
Page 184 and 185: 168 CORK INSULATION capillarity, el
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Page 190 and 191: 174 CORK INSULATION 85.—Convenien
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Page 194 and 195: CHAPTER XII. PROPER THICKNESS OF CO
Page 196 and 197: ISO CORK INSULATION i ness that wil
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Page 200 and 201: 184 CORK INSULATION 91.—Proper Th
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Page 204 and 205: 188 CORK INSULATION In new structur
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Page 208 and 209: 192 CORK INSULATION corner of the r
Page 210 and 211: 194 CORK INSULATION should be rever
Page 212 and 213: 196 CORK INSULATION cold storage ro
Page 214 and 215: 198 CORK INSULATION In the early da
Page 216 and 217: 200 CORK INSULATION Until comparati
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Page 220 and 221: 204 CORK INSULATION introducing pur
Page 222 and 223: 206 CORK INSULATION Pure air is dif
Page 226 and 227: 210 CORK INSULATION A hard, repress
Page 228 and 229: 212 CORK INSULATION storage room is
Page 230 and 231: 216 CORK INSULATION joists of such
Page 232 and 233: 218 CORK INSULATION and delicately
Page 234 and 235: 220 CORK INSULATION slight variatio
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Page 238 and 239: 224 CORK INSULATION ating less heat
Page 240 and 241: 226 CORK INSULATION The first petro
Page 242 and 243: 228 CORK INSULATION to be used in a
Page 244 and 245: 230 CORK INSULATION Flash Point is
Page 246 and 247: 232 CORK INSULATION A suitable Asph
Page 248 and 249: 234 CORK INSULATION enveloping memb
Page 250 and 251: 236 CORK INSULATION fying agent, on
Page 252 and 253: 238 CORK INSULATION at 105° C. The
Page 254 and 255: CHAPTER XIII. COMPLETE SPECIFICATIO
Page 256 and 257: 242 CORK INSULATION 116.—Finish.
Page 258 and 259: 244 CORK INSULATION a second layer
Page 260 and 261: 246 CORK INSULATION one layer of ..
Page 262 and 263: 248 CORK INSULATION CE/LING :-)::):
Page 264 and 265: 250 CORK INSULATION into which cork
Page 266 and 267: 252 CORK INSULATION 106.—Ceilings
Page 268 and 269: 254 CORK INSULATION insulated, one
Page 270 and 271: 256 CORK INSULATION compounds.* The
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260 CORK INSULATION »
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262 CORK INSULATION 110.—Floors.
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264 CORK INSULATION the size of the
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266 CORK INSULATION Asphalt cement.
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268 CORK INSULATION shall then be e
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270 CORK INSULATION To the reasonab
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272 CORK INSULATION butted tight, a
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274 CORK INSULATION mixed one part
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276 CORK INSULATION consisting of .
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278 CORK INSULATION of . . .-inch p
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280 CORK INSULATION sand* for each
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282 CORK INSULATION To prepare Asph
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284 CORK INSULATION must be applied
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286 CORK INSULATION plied, and the
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288 CORK INSULATION 122.—Second L
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290 CORK INSULATION 124.—First La
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292 CORK INSULATION that the forms
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294 CORK INSULATION and all joints
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296 CORK INSULATION Break all joint
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298 CORK INSULATION board uncoated
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300 CORK INSULATION area (one face
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302 CORK INSULATION [ storage doors
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3(X CORK INSULATION surface*, and t
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506 CORK INSULATION floor, on a lev
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308 CORK INSULATION See that the fi
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310 CORK INSULATION line of the fla
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312 CORK INSULATION corkboards are
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314 CORK INSULATION mixed product*,
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316 CORK INSULATION floors and baff
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318 CORK INSULATION History also sh
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320 CORK INSULATION into natural ic
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322 CORK INSULATION them from freez
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324 CORK INSULATION smaller establi
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326 CORK INSULATION on the "Mechani
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328 CORK INSULATION the four walls
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330 CORK INSULATION load on the ref
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CHAPTER XVI. DEVELOPMENT OF THE COR
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334 CORK INSULATION "root house," t
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336 CORK INSULATION of the surround
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338 CORK INSULATION to a new positi
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340 CORK INSULATION natives who inh
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342 CORK INSULATION Nevertheless, t
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344 CORK INSULATION to the
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346 CORK INSULATION quickly form a
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348 CORK INSULATION come within the
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350 CORK INSULATION water, and the
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352 CORK INSULATION success, and su
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354 CORK INSULATION ^r T"T M // lC
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356 CORK INSULATION interlinings of
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358 CORK INSULATION Handles and Cor
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360 CORK INSULATION models, for ice
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362 CORK INSULATION Doors.—Door f
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364 CORK INSULATION triple nickel-p
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366 CORK INSULATION JEWETT SOLID PO
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368 CORK INSULATION of the opposite
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370 CORK INSULATION , waterproof co
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372 CORK INSULATION
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374 CORK INSULATION Top Iccr.—The
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376 CORK INSULATION COPELAND "DEPEN
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: 378 CORK INSULATION hours before
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380 CORK INSULATION j Household ref
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382 CORK INSULATION at the daily ex
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384 CORK INSULATION purposes and a
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CHAPTER XVII. DEVELOPMENT OF THE CO
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388 CORK INSULATION and practices p
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390 CORK INSULATION cream manufactu
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392 CORK INSULATION the ins
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394 CORK INSULATION heavily galvani
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396 CORK INSULATION dumping of the
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398 CORK INSULATION The Machine.—
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400 CORK INSULATION loss of efficie
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402 CORK INSULATION (b) Control of
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404 CORK INSULATION Modern Mechanic
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406 CORK INSULATION
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408 CORK INSULATION oning millions
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41C CORK INSULATION ing for the top
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412 CORK INSULATION Adjusliiii) Pla
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414 CORK INSULATION exactly in fron
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416 CORK INSULATION These compresso
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418 CORK INSULATION made to take si
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420 CORK INSULATION additional char
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422 CORK INSULATION The bottom lini
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424 CORK INSULATION Covers for Juni
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426 CORK INSULATION subject of inve
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428 CORK INSULATION lading next to
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430 CORK INSULATION warmest and the
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432 CORK INSULATION CHART IV The we
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434 CORK INSULATION That precooling
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436 CORK INSULATION Mr. President,
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438 CORK INSULATION the elimination
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440 CORK INSULATION Now let me proc
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442 CORK INSULATION of the eggs on
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444 CORK INSULATION It may be said
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446 CORK INSULATION occur. Salting
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448 CORK INSULATION the two inches
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450 CORK INSULATION ables as anythi
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452 CORK INSULATION We are continui
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454 CORK INSULATION Our object was
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456 CORK INSULATION As air circulat
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458 CORK INSULATION ers and cross s
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460 CORK INSULATION States standard
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462 CORK INSULATION temperature and
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464 CORK INSULATION CORK PAINT.* Fo
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466 CORK INSULATION strengthening c
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468 CORK INSULATION only 0.38; that
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470 CORK INSULATION
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472 CORK INSULATION possible throug
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474 CORK INSULATION ing and heating
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476 CORK INSULATION that for each o
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478 CORK INSULATION case of other g
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480 CORK INSULATION because it will
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482 CORK INSULATION ECONOMY OF GASO
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484 CORK INSULATION That this amoun
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486 CORK INSULATION form on walls a
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488 CORK INSULATION Practically all
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490 CORK INSULATION for the pebbles
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492 CORK INSULATION nailed to three
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494 CORK INSULATION QUANTITIES OF C
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496 CORK INSULATION EXAMPLE OF PURC
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498 CORK INSULATION Portland cement
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500 CORK INSULATION FREIGHT CLASSIF
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502 CORK INSULATION CORK PIPE COVER
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504 CORK INSULATION to give a bette
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506 CORK INSULATION 3. Ice Water Th
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508 CORK INSULATION brought tightly
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510 CORK INSULATION A GOOD DRINK OF
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512 CORK INSULATION The Cost and th
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514 CORK INSULATION cause the agree
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516 CORK INSULATION Legality— In
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518 CORK INSULATION In general, unl
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520 CORK INSULATION the work should
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522 CORK INSULATION (1) Page $8, pa
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524 CORK INSULATION Brooks ice crea
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526 Page Depreciation in efficiency
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528 CORK INSULATION test of asphalt
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530 CORK INSULATION ice, formation
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532 Page Sealed air cells 169 Seali
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534 CORK INSULATION Page of heat by
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GOOD BOOKS YOU SHOULD HAVE These ar
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DATE DUE
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