Cork insulation; a complete illustrated textbook on cork insulation ...

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234 CORK INSULATION enveloping membrane tending always to contract the surface of the liquid to the minimum exposed area.* When a substance is colloidally dispersed, the efifect of gravity is con- siderably counteracted, while surface tension, electric (ionic) charge, and other forms of energy increase greatly. Thus by lowering the surface tension of water, by the introduction of an alkali, an oil-in-water emulsion should keep longer. But water molecules are always in constant motion when above absolute zero temperature, and bombard the suspended colloids of oil from all sides, tending to move them about, and thus to coagulate or unite upon touching due to the surface tension of oil. Then, too, particles in the colloidal state bearing unlike electric charges, tend to attract each other, and thus coagulate; while particles similarly charged, tend to repel, and thus move about, and coagulate upon touching. It will be seen that lowering the surface tension often exerts considerable influence in emulsification, but the con- centration of a film of some non-adhesive gelatin substance around the suspended colloids, so that they have difficulty in touching, is usually of more importance. There are several methods of subdividing common substances so that they may be colloidally suspended, some methods being purely mechanical and others chemical ; but in connection with proposed chemical methods, it must be remem- bered that colloidal suspensions are not true solutions, colloid aggregates often being thousands of times as large as a mole- cule while molecules only are found in true solutions. Colloid particles have an ability to adsorb other substances, that is, hold other substances to their surfaces, and it is this property that makes it possible to coat or cover such colloids with a non-adhesive substance, such as starch or geletin or clay, so that the colloids will not coalesce or unite when they touch each other. On the other hand, if the particles in suspension were originally of too great size to fall within the range of the colloidal realm, and thus are beyond the help of *A cube 1 cm. on edge has a surface of 6 sq. cm. If subdivided in much smaller cubes 100 //// on edge, the total surface is 600,000 sq. cm If further subdivided into the colloidal realm of cubes 10 /i/i on edge, the total surface is 6,000,000 sq. cm. Surface tension tends to reduce the colloidal particles to the cube 1 cm. on edge, or, more properly, to a sphere.
STRUCTURAL SUGGESTIONS 235 the bombardment of the water molecules (Brownian move- ment) to keep them suspended, such aggregates will settle. Emulsoids are dehydrated and coagulated by excessive amounts of salts, by nitric acid, sometimes by heat and by shaking. Thus if it is necessary to shake an emulsion a great deal, in handling, or shipping, or stirring to counteract settling, the particles (having lost their full protective coats by dis- turbance) may coagulate an amount sufficient to destroy the emulsion. It is the non-adhesive substance used to coat the dispersed colloidal particles that is known as the emulsifying agent, and such agent must be capable of being colloidally dispersed also. The emulsifying agent selected, however, must be such that the adsorptive power of its colloids is less than that of the colloidall}^ dispersed basic substance being emulsified, else the dispersed protective colloids of the emulsifying agent will not be held to the surface of the colloidal particles of the basic material, but the reverse will occur, and the colloidal particles of the emulsifying agent will become coated by the dispersed colloids of the basic material. The adsorptive power of an adhesive type of colloidal particle, for colloidal particles of a non-adhesive and protective character, is apparently increased by the simple addition of a flocculating agent that will tend to coagulate or unite the protective colloids in larger aggregates about the basic colloids and thus give the basic colloids a certain measure of greater protection or isolation one from another. If even a faint conception of colloid chemistry, and par- ticularly the preparation and holding of emulsions, is possible from the foregoing paragraphs, then a consideration of the preparation, handling, shipping and application of asphalt emulsions can follow. Asphalt, as has been noted, is a colloidal substance; it is one that may be colloidally dispersed in water by admixture of the molten material with a hot aqueous alkaline solution ; it is a material that is capable of being mechanically dispersed in a colloidal state in water that has had its high surface tension relieved. But to emulsify asphalt, that is, hold it in colloidal suspension, requires the addition of a suitable emulsi-
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^oofe^a- 1842.4 This book may be ke
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Cork Insulation A
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To the Memory of JAMES EDWARD QUIGL
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tion of cork to other and more remo
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER VI.
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X TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER XIII. C
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xii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER XVIII
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2 CORK INSULATION floats for nets,
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CORK INSULATION vfany attem])ts lia
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6 CORK INSULATION •^ 4.—Home of
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8 CORK INSULATION and fifty feet an
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CHAPTER II. CORK STRIPPING. 6.—Re
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12 CORK INSULATION the cork oak tre
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14 CORK INSULATION seasoning prelim
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CHAPTER III. USES OF CORKWOOD AND U
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S CORK INSULATION 12.—Importance
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20 CORK INSULATION usually scraped,
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22 CORK INSULATION ful utilization
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24 CORK INSULATION from capillarity
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26 CORK INSULATION in place and spi
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28 CORK INSULATION for cold storage
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30 CORK INSULATION very substantial
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Z2 CORK INSULATION came The Nonpare
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34 CORK INSULATION glass bottle, al
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36 CORK INSULATION merit and an eff
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38 CORK INSULATION Paragraph 340.
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40 CORK INSULATION turning those st
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42 CORK INSULATION tip
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44 CORK INSULATION IMPORTS INTO UNI
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46 CORK INSULATION IMPORTS INTO UNI
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IMPORTS INTO UNITED STATES CORK INS
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so CORK INSULATION IMPORTS INTO UNI
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52 CORK INSULATION < i 2
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54 CORK INSULATION
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56 CORK INSULATION
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58 CORK INSULATION IMPORTS ENTERED
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70 CORK INSULATION O" coo I lOiM <
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72 CORK INSULATION crease by its be
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74 CORK INSULATION the tube and mer
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76 CORK INSULATION cooled, the air
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78 CORK INSULATION ordinary pressur
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80 CORK INSULATION sion. If a subst
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CHAPTER VIII. MEASUREMENT OF HEAT,
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84 CORK INSULATION equal to unity,
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86 CORK INSULATION The heat of fusi
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88 CORK INSULATION vaporize, and wh
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90 CORK INSULATION a pressure of 35
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92 CORK INSULATION of such air at t
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94 CORK INSULATION RELATIVE HUMIDIT
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96 CORK INSULATION and the temperat
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98 CORK INSULATION perature of the
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100 CORK INSULATION INTERNAL THERMA
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102 CORK INSULATION usually classed
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104 CORK INSULATION lose by radiati
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106 CORK INSULATION age wall <stron
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108 CORK INSULATION It will be seen
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110 CORK INSULATION H=K A (.U—U)
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112 CORK INSULATION : equals 17917,
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114 CORK INSULATION convection, and
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116 CORK INSULATION metal boxes wit
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118 CORK INSULATION the test box wi
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120 CORK INSULATION the areas and t
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122 CORK INSULATION 79.—Tests by
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124 CORK INSULATION a narrow limit,
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126 CORK INSULATION In addition to
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128 CORK INSULATION applications we
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130 CORK INSULATION
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132 CORK INSULATION j;aii 03 O .O 2
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134 CORK INSULATION
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136 CORK INSULATION
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138 CORK INSULATION
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140 CORK INSULATION
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142 CORK INSULATION
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144 CORK INSULATION
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146 CORK INSULATION
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148 CORK INSULATION
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ISO CORK INSULATION ^ I CO « O :s
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152 CORK INSULATION
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154 CORK INSULATION
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156 CORK INSULATION o ffi K K a ,=5
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158 CORK INSULATION
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160 CORK INSULATION o ^ J W to
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162 CORK INSULATION
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164 CORK INSULATION
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166 CORK INSULATION Section XI of *
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168 CORK INSULATION capillarity, el
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170 CORK INSULATION conceivable min
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172 CORK INSULATION test consists o
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174 CORK INSULATION 85.—Convenien
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176 CORK INSULATION basement except
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CHAPTER XII. PROPER THICKNESS OF CO
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ISO CORK INSULATION i ness that wil
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Page 200 and 201: 184 CORK INSULATION 91.—Proper Th
Page 202 and 203: 186 CORK INSULATION license alone i
Page 204 and 205: 188 CORK INSULATION In new structur
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Page 208 and 209: 192 CORK INSULATION corner of the r
Page 210 and 211: 194 CORK INSULATION should be rever
Page 212 and 213: 196 CORK INSULATION cold storage ro
Page 214 and 215: 198 CORK INSULATION In the early da
Page 216 and 217: 200 CORK INSULATION Until comparati
Page 218 and 219: 202 CORK INSULATION overcome obstac
Page 220 and 221: 204 CORK INSULATION introducing pur
Page 222 and 223: 206 CORK INSULATION Pure air is dif
Page 224 and 225: 208 CORK INSULATION ing capacity. I
Page 226 and 227: 210 CORK INSULATION A hard, repress
Page 228 and 229: 212 CORK INSULATION storage room is
Page 230 and 231: 216 CORK INSULATION joists of such
Page 232 and 233: 218 CORK INSULATION and delicately
Page 234 and 235: 220 CORK INSULATION slight variatio
Page 236 and 237: 222 CORK INSULATION filler and then
Page 238 and 239: 224 CORK INSULATION ating less heat
Page 240 and 241: 226 CORK INSULATION The first petro
Page 242 and 243: 228 CORK INSULATION to be used in a
Page 244 and 245: 230 CORK INSULATION Flash Point is
Page 246 and 247: 232 CORK INSULATION A suitable Asph
Page 250 and 251: 236 CORK INSULATION fying agent, on
Page 252 and 253: 238 CORK INSULATION at 105° C. The
Page 254 and 255: CHAPTER XIII. COMPLETE SPECIFICATIO
Page 256 and 257: 242 CORK INSULATION 116.—Finish.
Page 258 and 259: 244 CORK INSULATION a second layer
Page 260 and 261: 246 CORK INSULATION one layer of ..
Page 262 and 263: 248 CORK INSULATION CE/LING :-)::):
Page 264 and 265: 250 CORK INSULATION into which cork
Page 266 and 267: 252 CORK INSULATION 106.—Ceilings
Page 268 and 269: 254 CORK INSULATION insulated, one
Page 270 and 271: 256 CORK INSULATION compounds.* The
Page 272 and 273: 258 CORK INSULATION to all joints i
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Page 276 and 277: 262 CORK INSULATION 110.—Floors.
Page 278 and 279: 264 CORK INSULATION the size of the
Page 280 and 281: 266 CORK INSULATION Asphalt cement.
Page 282 and 283: 268 CORK INSULATION shall then be e
Page 284 and 285: 270 CORK INSULATION To the reasonab
Page 286 and 287: 272 CORK INSULATION butted tight, a
Page 288 and 289: 274 CORK INSULATION mixed one part
Page 290 and 291: 276 CORK INSULATION consisting of .
Page 292 and 293: 278 CORK INSULATION of . . .-inch p
Page 294 and 295: 280 CORK INSULATION sand* for each
Page 296 and 297: 282 CORK INSULATION To prepare Asph
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284 CORK INSULATION must be applied
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286 CORK INSULATION plied, and the
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288 CORK INSULATION 122.—Second L
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290 CORK INSULATION 124.—First La
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292 CORK INSULATION that the forms
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294 CORK INSULATION and all joints
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296 CORK INSULATION Break all joint
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298 CORK INSULATION board uncoated
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300 CORK INSULATION area (one face
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302 CORK INSULATION [ storage doors
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3(X CORK INSULATION surface*, and t
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506 CORK INSULATION floor, on a lev
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308 CORK INSULATION See that the fi
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310 CORK INSULATION line of the fla
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312 CORK INSULATION corkboards are
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314 CORK INSULATION mixed product*,
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316 CORK INSULATION floors and baff
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318 CORK INSULATION History also sh
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320 CORK INSULATION into natural ic
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322 CORK INSULATION them from freez
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324 CORK INSULATION smaller establi
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326 CORK INSULATION on the "Mechani
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328 CORK INSULATION the four walls
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330 CORK INSULATION load on the ref
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CHAPTER XVI. DEVELOPMENT OF THE COR
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334 CORK INSULATION "root house," t
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336 CORK INSULATION of the surround
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338 CORK INSULATION to a new positi
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340 CORK INSULATION natives who inh
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342 CORK INSULATION Nevertheless, t
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344 CORK INSULATION to the
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346 CORK INSULATION quickly form a
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348 CORK INSULATION come within the
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350 CORK INSULATION water, and the
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352 CORK INSULATION success, and su
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354 CORK INSULATION ^r T"T M // lC
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356 CORK INSULATION interlinings of
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358 CORK INSULATION Handles and Cor
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360 CORK INSULATION models, for ice
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362 CORK INSULATION Doors.—Door f
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364 CORK INSULATION triple nickel-p
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366 CORK INSULATION JEWETT SOLID PO
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368 CORK INSULATION of the opposite
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370 CORK INSULATION , waterproof co
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372 CORK INSULATION
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374 CORK INSULATION Top Iccr.—The
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376 CORK INSULATION COPELAND "DEPEN
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: 378 CORK INSULATION hours before
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380 CORK INSULATION j Household ref
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382 CORK INSULATION at the daily ex
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384 CORK INSULATION purposes and a
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CHAPTER XVII. DEVELOPMENT OF THE CO
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388 CORK INSULATION and practices p
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390 CORK INSULATION cream manufactu
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392 CORK INSULATION the ins
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394 CORK INSULATION heavily galvani
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396 CORK INSULATION dumping of the
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398 CORK INSULATION The Machine.—
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400 CORK INSULATION loss of efficie
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402 CORK INSULATION (b) Control of
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404 CORK INSULATION Modern Mechanic
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406 CORK INSULATION
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408 CORK INSULATION oning millions
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41C CORK INSULATION ing for the top
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412 CORK INSULATION Adjusliiii) Pla
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414 CORK INSULATION exactly in fron
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416 CORK INSULATION These compresso
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418 CORK INSULATION made to take si
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420 CORK INSULATION additional char
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422 CORK INSULATION The bottom lini
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424 CORK INSULATION Covers for Juni
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426 CORK INSULATION subject of inve
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428 CORK INSULATION lading next to
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430 CORK INSULATION warmest and the
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432 CORK INSULATION CHART IV The we
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434 CORK INSULATION That precooling
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436 CORK INSULATION Mr. President,
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438 CORK INSULATION the elimination
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440 CORK INSULATION Now let me proc
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442 CORK INSULATION of the eggs on
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444 CORK INSULATION It may be said
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446 CORK INSULATION occur. Salting
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448 CORK INSULATION the two inches
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450 CORK INSULATION ables as anythi
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452 CORK INSULATION We are continui
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454 CORK INSULATION Our object was
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456 CORK INSULATION As air circulat
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458 CORK INSULATION ers and cross s
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460 CORK INSULATION States standard
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462 CORK INSULATION temperature and
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464 CORK INSULATION CORK PAINT.* Fo
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466 CORK INSULATION strengthening c
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468 CORK INSULATION only 0.38; that
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470 CORK INSULATION
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472 CORK INSULATION possible throug
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474 CORK INSULATION ing and heating
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476 CORK INSULATION that for each o
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478 CORK INSULATION case of other g
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480 CORK INSULATION because it will
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482 CORK INSULATION ECONOMY OF GASO
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484 CORK INSULATION That this amoun
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486 CORK INSULATION form on walls a
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488 CORK INSULATION Practically all
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490 CORK INSULATION for the pebbles
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492 CORK INSULATION nailed to three
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494 CORK INSULATION QUANTITIES OF C
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496 CORK INSULATION EXAMPLE OF PURC
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498 CORK INSULATION Portland cement
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500 CORK INSULATION FREIGHT CLASSIF
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502 CORK INSULATION CORK PIPE COVER
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504 CORK INSULATION to give a bette
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506 CORK INSULATION 3. Ice Water Th
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508 CORK INSULATION brought tightly
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510 CORK INSULATION A GOOD DRINK OF
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512 CORK INSULATION The Cost and th
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514 CORK INSULATION cause the agree
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516 CORK INSULATION Legality— In
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518 CORK INSULATION In general, unl
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520 CORK INSULATION the work should
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522 CORK INSULATION (1) Page $8, pa
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524 CORK INSULATION Brooks ice crea
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526 Page Depreciation in efficiency
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528 CORK INSULATION test of asphalt
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530 CORK INSULATION ice, formation
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532 Page Sealed air cells 169 Seali
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534 CORK INSULATION Page of heat by
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GOOD BOOKS YOU SHOULD HAVE These ar
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