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482 CORK INSULATION ECONOMY OF GASOLINE STORAGE TANK INSULA- TION. In a paper prepared by the Armstrong <strong>Cork</strong> and Insulating Co., of Pittsburgh, Pa., in April, 1918, an interesting detailed description is given of various methods of manufacturing gasoline from both gas well and oil well products, on the distillation, compression and absorption methods of gasoline separation from gas and oil. By permission the following reproduction of that portion of the paper referring particularly to the economical results secured through cork <strong>insulation</strong> of gasoline storage tanks in three separate refining plants, has been extracted: Early in March, 1917, the United Fuel Gas Company, of Charleston, West Virginia, requested quotations on <strong>insulation</strong> for a number of gasoline storage tanks located at their various stations. Upon calling on the above company at Charleston, West Virginia, it wâs learned that they were losing by evaporation approximately 600 to 1,800 gallons of gasoline per day at each of their several plants in operation. Before proceeding further the reason for this loss shall be explained. The temperature of the gasoline as it passes from the coolers and condensers to the storage tanks is much lower than the temperature of the air, due to the cooling methods employed. This product is of low boiling point and readily evaporates even at the low temperature at which it leaves the condensers. As the temperature increases, the evaporation becomes more pronounced and for this reason it is desirable that the gasoline be kept at as low a temperature as possible. The tanks in which the material is stored are, as a rule, located outside of buildings and exposed to the weather. If the tanks are not insulated the gasoline contained therein soon acquires the same temperature as the outside air and in the summer months when the hot sun constantly beats down upon the tanks the temperature of the gasoline becomes very high. The gasoline evaporating freely increases the pressure in the tanks, which are equipped with safety valves to permit of the vapors passing off whenever the pressure exceeds that at which the valve is set. In cool or cloudy weather the valve does not "blow off" as often as in hot weather and the evaporation loss past the man-hole cover is reduced. The evaporation loss in the summer months is naturally considerably more than in the cooler months of the fall and winter. At the Cobb Station of the United Fuel Gas Company the evaporation loss early in the spring averaged close to 600 gallons of liquid gasoline per day, and at the Sandyville Station of the same company the loss ran as high as 1,500 gallons per day. The gasoline lost by evaporation is valued at 20c per gallon by the company producing the material, and it was obviously necessary for the United Fuel Gas Company to take steps to reduce their evaporation loss which amounted to approximately $300.00 per day at each plant.
ECONOMY OF INSULATION 483 Armstrong secured contracts for insulating the gasoline storage tanks at three of the United Fuel Gas Company's six absorption plants—Cobb Station, Sandyville Station and Leach Station. The first two stations are owned and operated by the United Fuel. Gas Company, while the Columbia Gas and Electric Company, of Cincinnati, Ohio, own the Leach Station and lease it to the United Fuel Gas Company for operation. These tanks were insulated throughout with Armstrong's <strong>Cork</strong>board, whereas the tanks at the other three stations, contracted for by a competitor, were insulated with felt on the cylindrical surfaces and Impregnated <strong>Cork</strong>board on the tops and ends. It might be in order to state that Armstrong's prices were higher than the prices on felt and Impregnated <strong>Cork</strong>board. The specifications followed in erecting the Armstrong's <strong>Cork</strong>board Insulation were briefly as follows: The cylindrical surface and ends of all horizontal tanks were insulated with two layers of l>^-inch Armstrong's <strong>Cork</strong>board. Both layers were applied in hot asphalt and both securely wired in place with copper-clad steel wire. The second layer was additionally secured to the first layer with galvanized wire nails. The vertical tanks were insulated in practically the same manner. As they rested directly upon the ground, no bottom <strong>insulation</strong> was used. The cylindrical surfaces received two layers of Ij^-inch Arm- strong's <strong>Cork</strong>board, applied as specified on the horizontal tanks, while the tops were insulated with two layers of 2-inch Armstrong's <strong>Cork</strong>board, both applied in hot asphalt with the top surface flooded with the same material. As the tanks were located outside of buildings, the <strong>insulation</strong> was protected against the weather by the application of one layer of 2-ply (the very best grade) roofing paper. Weatherproofing was applied with all edges lapped and the seams securely sealed with Nonpareil Waterproof Cement. Bands of copper-clad steel wire were used to hold the paper in place. The melting of asphalt at one of these gasoline plants is dangerous business if a fire of any kind is used and it is necessary, there- fore, that the owners provide live steam for this operation. If live steam is not obtainable. Nonpareil Waterproof Cement instead of hot asphalt should be used in erecting the Armstrong's <strong>Cork</strong>board. To give some idea of the tank <strong>insulation</strong> requirements, the following is submitted: At the Cobb Station two horizontal tanks each 8 feet in diameter x 32 feet long and one vertical tank 20 feet in diameter X 20 feet high, were insulated, at a contract price of $2,270.00. At the Leach Station two vertical tanks each 8 feet 6 inches in diameter X 9 feet 11 inches high and one vertical tank 20 feet in diameter X 20 feet high were insulated at a contract price of $1,447.50. At the Sandyville Station the same number and size tanks as at the Leach Station, were insulated at a price of $1,440.00. The total for the three installations amounted to $5,157.50.
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ôofeâ- 1842.4 This book may be ke
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Cork Insulation A
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To the Memory of JAMES EDWARD QUIGL
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tion of cork to other and more remo
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER VI.
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X TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER XIII. C
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xii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER XVIII
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2 CORK INSULATION floats for nets,
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CORK INSULATION vfany attem])ts lia
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6 CORK INSULATION •^ 4.—Home of
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8 CORK INSULATION and fifty feet an
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CHAPTER II. CORK STRIPPING. 6.—Re
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12 CORK INSULATION the cork oak tre
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14 CORK INSULATION seasoning prelim
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CHAPTER III. USES OF CORKWOOD AND U
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S CORK INSULATION 12.—Importance
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20 CORK INSULATION usually scraped,
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22 CORK INSULATION ful utilization
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24 CORK INSULATION from capillarity
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26 CORK INSULATION in place and spi
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28 CORK INSULATION for cold storage
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30 CORK INSULATION very substantial
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Z2 CORK INSULATION came The Nonpare
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34 CORK INSULATION glass bottle, al
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36 CORK INSULATION merit and an eff
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38 CORK INSULATION Paragraph 340.
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40 CORK INSULATION turning those st
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42 CORK INSULATION tip
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44 CORK INSULATION IMPORTS INTO UNI
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46 CORK INSULATION IMPORTS INTO UNI
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IMPORTS INTO UNITED STATES CORK INS
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so CORK INSULATION IMPORTS INTO UNI
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52 CORK INSULATION < i 2
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54 CORK INSULATION
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56 CORK INSULATION
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58 CORK INSULATION IMPORTS ENTERED
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70 CORK INSULATION O" coo I lOiM <
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72 CORK INSULATION crease by its be
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74 CORK INSULATION the tube and mer
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76 CORK INSULATION cooled, the air
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78 CORK INSULATION ordinary pressur
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80 CORK INSULATION sion. If a subst
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CHAPTER VIII. MEASUREMENT OF HEAT,
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84 CORK INSULATION equal to unity,
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86 CORK INSULATION The heat of fusi
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88 CORK INSULATION vaporize, and wh
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90 CORK INSULATION a pressure of 35
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92 CORK INSULATION of such air at t
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94 CORK INSULATION RELATIVE HUMIDIT
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96 CORK INSULATION and the temperat
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98 CORK INSULATION perature of the
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100 CORK INSULATION INTERNAL THERMA
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102 CORK INSULATION usually classed
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104 CORK INSULATION lose by radiati
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106 CORK INSULATION age wall <stron
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108 CORK INSULATION It will be seen
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110 CORK INSULATION H=K A (.U—U)
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112 CORK INSULATION : equals 17917,
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114 CORK INSULATION convection, and
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116 CORK INSULATION metal boxes wit
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118 CORK INSULATION the test box wi
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120 CORK INSULATION the areas and t
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122 CORK INSULATION 79.—Tests by
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124 CORK INSULATION a narrow limit,
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126 CORK INSULATION In addition to
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128 CORK INSULATION applications we
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130 CORK INSULATION
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132 CORK INSULATION j;aii 03 O .O 2
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134 CORK INSULATION
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136 CORK INSULATION
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138 CORK INSULATION
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140 CORK INSULATION
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142 CORK INSULATION
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144 CORK INSULATION
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146 CORK INSULATION
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148 CORK INSULATION
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ISO CORK INSULATION ^ I CO « O :s
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152 CORK INSULATION
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154 CORK INSULATION
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156 CORK INSULATION o ffi K K a ,=5
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158 CORK INSULATION
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160 CORK INSULATION o ^ J W to
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162 CORK INSULATION
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164 CORK INSULATION
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166 CORK INSULATION Section XI of *
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168 CORK INSULATION capillarity, el
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170 CORK INSULATION conceivable min
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172 CORK INSULATION test consists o
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174 CORK INSULATION 85.—Convenien
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176 CORK INSULATION basement except
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CHAPTER XII. PROPER THICKNESS OF CO
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ISO CORK INSULATION i ness that wil
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182 CORK INSULATION that a small ch
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184 CORK INSULATION 91.—Proper Th
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186 CORK INSULATION license alone i
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188 CORK INSULATION In new structur
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190 CORK INSULATION ure, in closed-
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192 CORK INSULATION corner of the r
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194 CORK INSULATION should be rever
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196 CORK INSULATION cold storage ro
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198 CORK INSULATION In the early da
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200 CORK INSULATION Until comparati
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202 CORK INSULATION overcome obstac
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204 CORK INSULATION introducing pur
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206 CORK INSULATION Pure air is dif
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208 CORK INSULATION ing capacity. I
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210 CORK INSULATION A hard, repress
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212 CORK INSULATION storage room is
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216 CORK INSULATION joists of such
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218 CORK INSULATION and delicately
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220 CORK INSULATION slight variatio
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222 CORK INSULATION filler and then
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224 CORK INSULATION ating less heat
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226 CORK INSULATION The first petro
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228 CORK INSULATION to be used in a
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230 CORK INSULATION Flash Point is
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232 CORK INSULATION A suitable Asph
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234 CORK INSULATION enveloping memb
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236 CORK INSULATION fying agent, on
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238 CORK INSULATION at 105° C. The
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CHAPTER XIII. COMPLETE SPECIFICATIO
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242 CORK INSULATION 116.—Finish.
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244 CORK INSULATION a second layer
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246 CORK INSULATION one layer of ..
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248 CORK INSULATION CE/LING :-)::):
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250 CORK INSULATION into which cork
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252 CORK INSULATION 106.—Ceilings
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254 CORK INSULATION insulated, one
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256 CORK INSULATION compounds.* The
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258 CORK INSULATION to all joints i
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260 CORK INSULATION »
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262 CORK INSULATION 110.—Floors.
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264 CORK INSULATION the size of the
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266 CORK INSULATION Asphalt cement.
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268 CORK INSULATION shall then be e
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270 CORK INSULATION To the reasonab
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272 CORK INSULATION butted tight, a
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274 CORK INSULATION mixed one part
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276 CORK INSULATION consisting of .
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278 CORK INSULATION of . . .-inch p
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280 CORK INSULATION sand* for each
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282 CORK INSULATION To prepare Asph
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284 CORK INSULATION must be applied
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286 CORK INSULATION plied, and the
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288 CORK INSULATION 122.—Second L
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290 CORK INSULATION 124.—First La
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292 CORK INSULATION that the forms
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294 CORK INSULATION and all joints
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296 CORK INSULATION Break all joint
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298 CORK INSULATION board uncoated
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300 CORK INSULATION area (one face
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302 CORK INSULATION [ storage doors
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3(X CORK INSULATION surface*, and t
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506 CORK INSULATION floor, on a lev
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308 CORK INSULATION See that the fi
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310 CORK INSULATION line of the fla
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312 CORK INSULATION corkboards are
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314 CORK INSULATION mixed product*,
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316 CORK INSULATION floors and baff
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318 CORK INSULATION History also sh
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320 CORK INSULATION into natural ic
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322 CORK INSULATION them from freez
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324 CORK INSULATION smaller establi
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326 CORK INSULATION on the "Mechani
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328 CORK INSULATION the four walls
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330 CORK INSULATION load on the ref
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CHAPTER XVI. DEVELOPMENT OF THE COR
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334 CORK INSULATION "root house," t
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336 CORK INSULATION of the surround
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338 CORK INSULATION to a new positi
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340 CORK INSULATION natives who inh
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342 CORK INSULATION Nevertheless, t
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344 CORK INSULATION to the
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346 CORK INSULATION quickly form a
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348 CORK INSULATION come within the
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350 CORK INSULATION water, and the
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352 CORK INSULATION success, and su
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354 CORK INSULATION ^r T"T M // lC
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356 CORK INSULATION interlinings of
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358 CORK INSULATION Handles and Cor
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360 CORK INSULATION models, for ice
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362 CORK INSULATION Doors.—Door f
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364 CORK INSULATION triple nickel-p
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366 CORK INSULATION JEWETT SOLID PO
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368 CORK INSULATION of the opposite
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370 CORK INSULATION , waterproof co
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372 CORK INSULATION
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374 CORK INSULATION Top Iccr.—The
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376 CORK INSULATION COPELAND "DEPEN
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: 378 CORK INSULATION hours before
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380 CORK INSULATION j Household ref
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382 CORK INSULATION at the daily ex
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384 CORK INSULATION purposes and a
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CHAPTER XVII. DEVELOPMENT OF THE CO
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388 CORK INSULATION and practices p
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390 CORK INSULATION cream manufactu
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392 CORK INSULATION the ins
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394 CORK INSULATION heavily galvani
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396 CORK INSULATION dumping of the
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398 CORK INSULATION The Machine.—
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400 CORK INSULATION loss of efficie
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402 CORK INSULATION (b) Control of
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404 CORK INSULATION Modern Mechanic
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406 CORK INSULATION
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408 CORK INSULATION oning millions
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41C CORK INSULATION ing for the top
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412 CORK INSULATION Adjusliiii) Pla
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414 CORK INSULATION exactly in fron
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416 CORK INSULATION These compresso
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418 CORK INSULATION made to take si
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420 CORK INSULATION additional char
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422 CORK INSULATION The bottom lini
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424 CORK INSULATION Covers for Juni
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426 CORK INSULATION subject of inve
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428 CORK INSULATION lading next to
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430 CORK INSULATION warmest and the
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Page 450 and 451: 436 CORK INSULATION Mr. President,
Page 452 and 453: 438 CORK INSULATION the elimination
Page 454 and 455: 440 CORK INSULATION Now let me proc
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Page 458 and 459: 444 CORK INSULATION It may be said
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Page 462 and 463: 448 CORK INSULATION the two inches
Page 464 and 465: 450 CORK INSULATION ables as anythi
Page 466 and 467: 452 CORK INSULATION We are continui
Page 468 and 469: 454 CORK INSULATION Our object was
Page 470 and 471: 456 CORK INSULATION As air circulat
Page 472 and 473: 458 CORK INSULATION ers and cross s
Page 474 and 475: 460 CORK INSULATION States standard
Page 476 and 477: 462 CORK INSULATION temperature and
Page 478 and 479: 464 CORK INSULATION CORK PAINT.* Fo
Page 480 and 481: 466 CORK INSULATION strengthening c
Page 482 and 483: 468 CORK INSULATION only 0.38; that
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Page 486 and 487: 472 CORK INSULATION possible throug
Page 488 and 489: 474 CORK INSULATION ing and heating
Page 490 and 491: 476 CORK INSULATION that for each o
Page 492 and 493: 478 CORK INSULATION case of other g
Page 494 and 495: 480 CORK INSULATION because it will
Page 498 and 499: 484 CORK INSULATION That this amoun
Page 500 and 501: 486 CORK INSULATION form on walls a
Page 502 and 503: 488 CORK INSULATION Practically all
Page 504 and 505: 490 CORK INSULATION for the pebbles
Page 506 and 507: 492 CORK INSULATION nailed to three
Page 508 and 509: 494 CORK INSULATION QUANTITIES OF C
Page 510 and 511: 496 CORK INSULATION EXAMPLE OF PURC
Page 512 and 513: 498 CORK INSULATION Portland cement
Page 514 and 515: 500 CORK INSULATION FREIGHT CLASSIF
Page 516 and 517: 502 CORK INSULATION CORK PIPE COVER
Page 518 and 519: 504 CORK INSULATION to give a bette
Page 520 and 521: 506 CORK INSULATION 3. Ice Water Th
Page 522 and 523: 508 CORK INSULATION brought tightly
Page 524 and 525: 510 CORK INSULATION A GOOD DRINK OF
Page 526 and 527: 512 CORK INSULATION The Cost and th
Page 528 and 529: 514 CORK INSULATION cause the agree
Page 530 and 531: 516 CORK INSULATION Legality— In
Page 532 and 533: 518 CORK INSULATION In general, unl
Page 534 and 535: 520 CORK INSULATION the work should
Page 536 and 537: 522 CORK INSULATION (1) Page $8, pa
Page 538 and 539: 524 CORK INSULATION Brooks ice crea
Page 540 and 541: 526 Page Depreciation in efficiency
Page 542 and 543: 528 CORK INSULATION test of asphalt
Page 544 and 545: 530 CORK INSULATION ice, formation
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532 Page Sealed air cells 169 Seali
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534 CORK INSULATION Page of heat by
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GOOD BOOKS YOU SHOULD HAVE These ar
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