ORIENTAL SERIES.

PANCHANANA. <
PANCHANANAPAND YA. 227
Five-faced/ An epithet applied to
Siva.
PANCHAPSARAS. Name of a lake. See Manda-kami.
PANCHA-STKHA. One of the earliest professors of the
Sankhya philosophy.
PANCHA-TANTRA A famous collection of tales and
fables in five (panclia) books (tanfra).
It was compiled by a
about the end of the fifth
Brahman named Vishwu-sarman,
and was
century A.D., for the edification of the sons of a king,
the original
of the better-known Hitopadesa. This work has
reappeared in very many languages both of the East and West,
and has been the source of many familiar and widely known
stories. It was translated into Pahlavi or old Persian by order
of Naushlrvan in the sixth century A.D. In the ninth century
it appeared in Arabic as Kalila o Damna, then, or before, it was
translated into Hebrew, Syriac, Turkish, and Greek ; and from
these, versions were made into all the languages of Europe, and
it became familiar in England as Pilpay's Fables (Fables of
Bidpai). In modern Persia it is the basis of the Anwar-i
Suhaill and lyar-i Danish. The latter has reappeared in Hin-
dustani as the Khirad-afroz. The stories are popular throughout
Hindustan, and have found their way into most of the lan-
guages and dialects. There are various editions of the text and
several translations.
PANCHAYATL A place
in the great southern forest near
the sources of the Godavari, where Kama passed a long period
of his banishment. It has been proposed to identify it with
the modern Nasik, because Lakshmam cut off Surpa-nakha's
nose (ndsika) at Panchavatl
PANCEAVINSA. See PrauJha Brahmawa.
PANCHA-Y^/KSHA. 'Five trees. 7
The five trees of
Swarga, named Mandara,
and Hari-chandana.
Parijataka, Santana, Kalpa-vnksha,
PANCHOPAKHYANA. The Pancha-tantra.
PAJVDAVAS. The descendants of Paftdu.
PJLZVPTL
'
The pale.' Brother of Dhnta-rashfra, king of
Hastina-pura and father of the Piwcfovas or Pa?i^u princes.
Maha-bharata.
PlJVZ)YA- PaTwfya, Chola, and Chera were three kingdoms in
the south of the Peninsula for some centuries before and after the
See