ORIENTAL SERIES.

TALA-KETUTANTRA. 317
the Haihaya race, and founder of the Tala-jangha tribe of Hai-
hayas.
See Haihaya.
TALA-KETU. (
Palm-banner.' An appellation of Bhishma \
also of an enemy killed by Krishna. Bala-rama had the synonym-
ous appellation Tala-dhwaja.
TALAM. The throne of Durga.
TALAVAKAEA. A name of the Kena Upanishad.
TAMASA. The fourth Manu, See Manu.
TAMASA. The river " Tonse," rising
in the JJiksha moun-
tains, and falling into the Ganges.
TAMEA-LIPTA. The country immediately west of the Bha-
girathi Tamlook, Hijjali, and Midnapore. Its inhabitants are
called Tamra-liptakas.
TAMEA-PAENA, TlMEA-PAEM Ceylon, the ancient
Taprobane. There was a town in the island called Tamra-parm,
from which the whole island has been called by that name.
TAJVjDTT. One of Siva's attendants. He was skilled in music,
and invented the dance called TaTZ^ava. See Siva,
TAN.DYA, TUVDAKA The most important of the eight
Brahmarcas of the Sama-veda. It has been published in the
BiUiotheca Indica,
TANTEA. '
Eule, ritual.' The title of a numerous class of
religious and magical works, generally
of later date than the
Puraftas, and representing a later development of religion,
although the worship of the female energy had its origin at an
earlier period. The chief peculiarity of the Tantras is the pro-
minence they give to the female energy of the deity, his active
nature being personified in the person of his /Sakti, or wife.
There are a few Tantras which make Vishnu's wife or Eadha
the object of devotion, but the great majority of them are
devoted to one of the manifold forms of Devi, the Sakti of Siva,
and they are commonly written in the form of a dialogue between
these two deities. Devi, as the Sakti of Siva, is the especial
energy concerned with sexual intercourse and magical powers,
and these are the leading topics of the Tantras. There are five
requisites for Tantra worship, the five Makaras or five m's (i.)
Madya, wine; (2.) Mausa, flesh; (3.) Matsya, fish; (4,)Mudra,
parched grain and mystic gesticulations ; (5.) Maithuna, sexual
intercourse. Each Sakti has a twofold nature, white and black,
gentle and ferocious. Thus TJma and Gauri are gentle forms of