ORIENTAL SERIES.

336
PITRISPITRI-PATL
apply to their sons for instruction. Being taught accordingly
the rites of expiation and penance by their sons, they addressed
them as fathers ; whence the sons of the gods were the first
Pitns." The account given of the Pitns is much the same in
"
all the Puzarcas. They agree in distinguishing them into seven
classes, three of which are without form, or composed
of intel-
lectual, not elementary substance, and assuming what forms they
please ; and four are corporeal When the Purawas come to the
enumeration of the particular classes, they somewhat differ, and
the accounts in all the works are singularly imperfect." The
incorporeal Pitns, according to one enumeration, are the Vairajas,
Agnisliwattas, and Barhishads. The first of these seem also
to be called Subhaswaras, Somasads, and Saumyas. The cor-
poreal are the Su-kalas or Su-kalins, Angirasas, Su-swadhas, and
Somapas. The Sukalas are also called Manasas the Somapas
are also called Ushmapas ; the Angirasas seem also to be called
Havishmats, Havirbhujas, and Upahutas ;
and the Su-swadhas
are apparently the same as the Ajyapas and Kavyas or Kavyas.
The Vairajas are the Manes of great ascetics and anchorites,
the Agnishwattas are the Pitris of the gods, the Barhishads of
demons, the Somapas of Brahmans, the Havishmats of Ksha-
triyas, the Ajyapas of Vaisyas, and the Su-kalins of the $udras ;
but one authority, the Hari-vansa, makes the Somapas belong
to the $udras, and the Su-kalins to the Brahmans, and there
appears to be good reason for this. Other names are given by
Dr. F. Hall from various authorities (Yishwu Purarca, iii. 339) :
Basmipas, Phenapas, Sudhavats, Garhapatyas, Ekasringas, Cha-
turvedas, and Kalas. Besides these there are the Vyamas,
1
fumes/ the Pitris of the barbarians. The J^g-veda and Manu
make two independent classes, the Agni-dagdhas and the An-
f
agni-dagdhas, those who when alive kept up (or did not keep
up) the household flame/ and presented (or did not present)
oblations with fire. The Vishnu Purawa makes the Barhishads
identical with the former, and the Agnishwattas with the latter.
Yama, god of the dead, is king of the Pitns, and Swadha,
'
oblation/ is sometimes said to be their mother,
at others their
wife. Wilson, Fishnu Purdna, iiL 157, 339. See Manu, iii 192
PITJSI-LOKA. See Loka.
PIT^J-PATI '
The lord of the Manes.' Yama, judge of
tire dead.