ORIENTAL SERIES.

48
BHARTRI-HARIBHATTI-KAVYA.
naka, Jamad-agni, but more especially
Parasu-rama.
used for the latter and
BHAETJ3/-HAEL A celebrated poet and grammarian, who
is said to have been the brother of Yikramaditya. He wrote
three $atakas or Centuries of verses, called
(i.) jSnngara-sataka,
on amatory matters; (2.) Niti-sataka, on polity and ethics; (3.)
Yairagya-sataka, on religious austerity. These maxims are said to
have been written when he had taken to a religious
life after a
licentious youth. He was also author of a grammatical work of
high repute called Yakya-padiya, and the poem called Bha^i-
some attributed to him. The moral verses were
kavya is by
translated into [French so long ago as 1670. A note at the end
of that translation says, " Trad, par le Brahmine Padmanaba en
namand et du flamand en franc, ais par Th. La Grue." The text
with a Latin translation was printed by S chiefner and Weber.
There is a translation in German by Bohlen and Schiitz, in
.French by Fauche, and of the erotic verses by Eegnaud; in
English by Professor Tawney in the Indian Antiquary.
BHASHA-PAEICHCHHEDA. An exposition of the Nyaya
philosophy. There are several editions.
BHASKAEACHAEYA. (Bhaskara + Acharya.) A cele-
brated mathematician and astronomer, who was born early in
the eleventh century A.D. He was author of the Bija-gamta on
arithmetic, the Lilavati on algebra, and the Siddhanta fiiromawi
on astronomy. It has been claimed for Bhaskara that he " was
fully acquainted with the principle of the Differential Calculus."
This claim Dr. Spottiswoode considers to be overstated, but he
observes of Bhaskara
"
: It must be admitted that the
penetration
shown by Bhaskara in his analysis is in the highest degree
remarkable ; that the formula which he establishes, and his
method of establishing it, bear more than a mere resemblance
they bear a strong analogy to the corresponding process in
modern astronomy ; and that the majority of scientific persons
will learn with surprise the existence of such a method in the
writings of so distant a period and so distant a region." Jour.
R. A. 8., 1859.
BHATTACHAEYA. See Kumarila Bhafta,
BHAjPTI-KAYYA A poem on the actions of Eama by
Bha^i It is of a very artificial character, and is designed to
illustrate the laws of grammar and the figures of poetry and