ORIENTAL SERIES.

PANISPARASARA. 229
cf the Indus, and so is known as Salottarlya, He is
described as a descendant of Paftin and grandson of Devala.
His mother's name was Dakshi, who probably belonged to the
race of Daksha, and he bears the metronymic Daksheya. He
is also called Ahika. The time when he lived is uncertain, but it
is supposed to have been about four centuries B.C. Goldstiicker
carries him back to the sixth century, but Weber is inclined
to place him considerably later. Panini's grammar has been
printed by Bohtlingk, and also in India. See Goldstiicker's
his Place in Literature. 3 '
Pdninl,
PAJVTS. 'Niggards.' In the E^g-veda, " the senseless, false,
evil-speaking, unbelieving, unpraising, unworshipping Panis were
Dasyus or envious demons who used to steal cows and hide them
in caverns." They are said to have stolen the cows recovered by
$arama (q.v.).
PANNAGA. A serpent, snake. See JSTaga.
PAPA-PUEUSHA. < Man of sin.' A personification of all
wickedness in a human form, of which all the members are great
sins. The head is brahmanicide, the arm cow-killing, the nosa
woman-murder, &c.
PAEADAS. A barbarous people dwelling in the north-west.
r
Manu says they were Kshatriyas degraded to be AS udras.
PAEAMAESHIS (Parama-rishis). The great S&his. See
PAEAMATMAN. The supreme soul of the universe.
PAEAMESHfHIK 'Who stands in the highest place/
A title applied to any superior god and to some distinguished
mortals. A name used in the Yedas for a son or a creation of
Prajapati.
PAEA/SABA. A Yedic Eislii to whom some hymns of the
J?ig-veda are attributed. He was a disciple of Kapila, and he
received the Vishnu Purana from Pulastya and taught it to
Maitreya. He was also a writer on Dharma-sastra, and texts of
his are often cited in books on law. Speculations as to his era
differ widely, from 575 B.C. to 1391 B.C., and cannot be trusted.
Ey an amour with Satyavati he was father of Krishna Dwaipa-
yana, the Vyasa or arranger of the Yedas. According to the
Nirukta, he was son of Vasisb.ha, but the Maha-bharata and
the Vishnu Purawa make him the son of 'Saktri and grandson of
Yasishflxa. The legend of his birth, as given in the Maha-bharata,