ORIENTAL SERIES.

PAEVATl *
See DeyL
PA&TJ-PATI.
PAR VA TIPA TANJALL 233
The mountaineer.' A name of the wife of Siva
l
Lord of creatures/ A name of Eudra or of
one of his manifestations. See Eudra.
PATALA. The infernal regions, inhabited by Nagas (serpents),
Daityas, Danavas, Yakshas, and others. They are seven
in number, and their names, according to the Yishftu Pura?ia, are
Atala, Yitala, Nitala, Gabhastimat, Mahatala, Sutala, and Patala,
but these names vary in different authorities. The Padma
Puram gives the names of the seven regions and their respective
rulers as follow : (i.) Atala, subject to Maha-maya ; (2.) Yitala,
ruled by a form of $iva called Hatakeswara ; (3. ) Sutala, ruled
by Bali; (4.) Talatala, ruled by Maya; (5.) Mahatala, where
reside the great serpents; (6.) Kasatala, where the Daityas and
Danavas dwell; (7.) Patala, the lowermost,
in which Yasuki
reigns over the chief Nagas or snake-gods. In the Siva Purana
there are eight : Patala, Tola, Atala, Yitala, Tala, Yidhi-patala,
Sarkara-bhumi, and Yijaya. The sage JSTarada paid a visit to
these regions, and on his return to the skies gave a glowing ac-
count of them, declaring them to be far more delightful than
Indra's heaven, and abounding with every kind of luxury and
sensual gratification.
PATALI-PUTEA. The Palibothra of the Greek writers, and
described by them as being
situated at the confluence of the
Erranaboas (the Sone river) with the Ganges. It was the capita]
of the Pandas, and of the Maurya dynasty, founded by Chandra-
gupta, which succeeded them as rulers of Magadha, The city
has been identified with the modern Patna ; for although the
Sone does not now fall into the Ganges there, the modern
town is smaller in extent than the ancient one, and there is
good reason for believing that the rivers have changed their
courses.
PATAKTALA. The Yoga philosophy. See Damna.
PATABTJALI The founder of the Yoga philosophy. (See
Darsana.) The author of the Maha-bhashya, a celebrated commentary
on the Grammar of Pamni, and a defence of that work
against the criticisms of Katyayana. He is supposed to have
written about 200 B.O. Earn Krishna Gopal Bha?wfa,rkar, a late
inquirer, says, " He probably wrote the third chapter of his
Bhashya between 144 and 142 B.O." "Weber, however, makes