part 1: overview of cogeneration and its status in asia - Fire

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Summary of country study – Bangladesh 143 3.3 Pre-feasibility Studies at Selected Industrial and Commercial Sites For the purpose of economic analysis, the total installed costs of the cogeneration plants were assumed as follows: steam turbines: US$ 1,200/kWe; gas turbines: US$ 1,000/kWe; and reciprocating engines: US$ 900/kWe. Some common financial data gathered or assumed before conducting the pre-feasibility studies are summarized in Table 3.4. Table 3.4 Financial data used for the pre-feasibility study Parameters Unit Value Exchange rate Taka/US$ 48.00 Tax rate Per cent/year 35.00 Discount rate Per cent/year 15.00 Cogeneration plant service life Year 15.00 Electricity purchase price Taka/kWh 3.60 Electricity buy-back rate Per cent of purchase price 80 per cent Fuel price escalation rate Per cent/year 5.00 Electricity price escalation rate Per cent/year 6.00 Electricity stand-by rate Taka/kW.month 80.00 Fuel purchase price (natural gas) Taka/m 3 1.68 3.3.1 Recycled paper mill This factory operates 24 hours a day and 350 days a year. Natural gas is used in boiler furnace for steam generation. The electrical energy is required to drive the motors. The rate of production is maintained up to the target level. Analysis of the monthly electricity and steam consumption in 1997 led to the following: • Total Electricity Consumption in 1997: 23,412 MWh • Maximum Electricity Demand: 3,100 kW • Minimum Electricity Demand: 2,750 kW • Total Steam Consumption in 1997: 69,386 tons • Maximum Steam Demand: 9.65 ton/hr • Minimum Steam Demand: 7.15 ton/hr The average power-to-heat ratios were found to be 0.52 in 1997. Typical cogeneration system for this site would be based on steam turbine. However, reciprocating engine, gas turbine cogeneration systems were also considered as potential alternatives. Results of the feasibility study are summarized in Table 3.5. Obviously, the steam turbine option does not seem feasible: (i) with steam turbine thermal match (STTM), less than 25 per cent of the power requirement is generated; (ii) with steam turbine power match (STPM), too much excess heat is generated. With the reciprocating engine thermal match (RETM) option, 200 per cent excess power is generated. The project profitability will depend on the buy-back rate. This may not be a good option as the purpose is not to earn from electricity sale. Reciprocating engine power match (REPM) option seems feasible as almost all the power needed can be met though an auxiliary boiler will be necessary to make up for the 30 per cent shortfall in the heat supply.
Summary of country study – Bangladesh 144 Table 3.5 Summary of pre-feasibility study of the recycled paper mill Major Parameters Steam Turbine Gas Engine Gas Turbine Thermal Match Power Match Therm al Match Power Match Therm al Match Power Match Installed power (kW) 582.00 2,750.00 9,047.00 2,750.00 3,872.00 2,750.00 Fuel consumption (TJ/year) 197.00 930.20 856.90 260.50 444.90 316.00 Electricity generated (MWh) 4,647.00 21,945.00 72,197.00 21,945.00 30,889.00 21,945.00 Heat generated (TJ/year) 157.90 745.90 157.90 48.00 157.90 112.20 Excess/deficit(-) power (MWh/year) -18,765.00 -1,467.00 48,785.00 -1,469.00 7,487.00 1,467.00 Excess/deficit(-) heat (TJ/year) -4.10 509.30 -4.10 -114.00 -4.10 -49.80 Equipment power-to-heat ratio 0.106 0.11 1.87 1.87 0.80 0.80 Total investment (million Taka) 33.54 158.40 390.84 118.80 185.86 132.00 Net present value (million Taka) 43.28 68.05 56.20 225.05 273.09 213.44 IRR (per cent) 34.00 21.70 35.90 41.90 36.30 38.30 With gas turbine thermal match (GTTM) option, about 30 per cent excess electricity is generated which may be acceptable. Gas turbine power match (GTPM) option is also good as the 30 per cent deficit in the heat supplied can be met by auxiliary natural gas firing in the recovery boiler. Accordingly, sensitivity analysis done to see the impacts of the increase in the investment, fuel and electricity price escalation, was limited to REPM, GTTM and GTPM options. What if the investment cost increases? What if the fuel price escalates faster? Int er na l 42% 40% Ra(IR 38% te R) 36% of Re tur 34% 32% REPM GTPM n 30% 1% 3% 5% 8% 10% 13% 15% Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 5. 0 % % of Increase Investment Cost 6. 0 % 7. 0 % REPM GTPM GTTM 8. 0 % 9. 0 % 10 .0 % 11 .0 % Fuel Price Escalation Rate 12 .0 % 13 .0 %
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PART 1: OVERVIEW OF COGENERATION AN
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4 Part I: Overview of cogeneration
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State of art review of cogeneration
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Policy framework for promoting coge
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Cogeneration in Asia today 49 1.1 I
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Cogeneration in Asia today 51 4,000
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Cogeneration in Asia today 53 1.3 T
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Cogeneration in Asia today 55 1.3.3
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Cogeneration in Asia today 61 1.7 R
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Cogeneration in Asia today 63 Every
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Cogeneration in Asia today 65 Cogen
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68 Part II: Cogeneration experience
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Cogeneration experiences around the
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part 1: overview of cogeneration and its status in asia - Fire

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