part 1: overview of cogeneration and its status in asia - Fire

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Framework for the country studies 101 Any changes in the future demand patterns expected? If available, please provide typical hourly thermal energy demand profiles for a week and a weekend day, during summer and winter. BOILER FUEL CONSUMPTION (FOR LAST 12 MONTHS) Year Month Nat. Gas (m 3 ) EXISTING BOILER FACILITY Diesel (litre) Manufacturer: Age: Capacity: Fuel: Does the boiler require retrofitting or replacement? FUEL SUPPLIES Is natural gas available at site? If yes, at what pressure is the gas available? EXISTING POWER GENERATING FACILITY HFO (litre) Is there any on-site power generating facility? If yes, Type of plant (Steam turbine/gas turbine/engine): On-site generation capacity: Coal (ton) Others (unit)
Sample case study in a pulp and paper mill 103 CHAPTER 2: SAMPLE CASE STUDY IN A PULP AND PAPER MILL 2.1 Project Description The Container Corporation of the Philippines (CCP) which uses electricity and thermal energy simultaneously, plans to set up a cogeneration plant. Located at Balintawak, Quezon City, it is a paperboard mill and converting plant. It produces various paperboards by recycling waste papers. CCP operates its mill 365 days a year with 24 hours a day in three shifts. The mill operation is stopped only due to breakdown of machines, scheduled maintenance of equipment, power interruption and calamities such as typhoons, fires, etc. This mill offers a good opportunity for cogeneration as it has steady thermal and electrical loads, and it requires a steady supply of energy in order to avoid production losses. Before deciding on making a substantial investment in this project, it is necessary to carry out a thorough financial analysis of the possible cogeneration alternatives. The method of conducting pre-feasibility of cogeneration in CCP involves a three-step procedure, i.e., search and identification of alternatives, estimation of costs and savings, and economic evaluation of all options. 2.2 Identification of Possible Cogeneration System Alternatives This stage involves (1) analysis of the current energy consumption pattern of the CCP plant, and (2) identification of possible cogeneration candidates, and evaluation of technical parameters for each candidate. 2.2.1 Current Energy Consumption a) Power consumption Electricity in the paper factory is used for board making (47 per cent), papermaking (51 per cent) and lighting & air-conditioning (2 per cent). Analysis of the monthly electricity consumption of the factory in 1996 shows the following: • Maximum Monthly Electricity Consumption (May): 1,377 MWh • Minimum Monthly Electricity Consumption (March): 740 MWh • Peak Power Demand: 2,430 kW • Base Power Demand: 2,040 KW • Total Electricity Consumption in 1991: 12,715 MWh b) Steam consumption CCP uses 98 per cent of the total steam production for paper drying while 2 per cent is used for cleaning the process equipment. Paper drying at CCP requires saturated steam at a pressure of 7 bar. The steam requirement is met by two boilers with capacities of 9 tons/hr and 13 tons/hr respectively. Bunker oil is used as fuel for boilers. Detailed steam and fuel consumption data were analyzed to derive monthly consumption in 1996, daily consumption pattern during the month with high demand, hourly steam demand profile of the factory for sample peak days. The analysis led to the following:
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PART 1: OVERVIEW OF COGENERATION AN
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4 Part I: Overview of cogeneration
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State of art review of cogeneration
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Policy framework for promoting coge
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Page 46 and 47: Cogeneration in Asia today 49 1.1 I
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Summary of country study - Viet Nam
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