part 1: overview of cogeneration and its status in asia - Fire

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178 Part3: Summary of country studies – Bangladesh and Viet Nam Table 4.13 Impact of fuel price escalation rate (0-15 per cent per year) on IRR Steam turbine Site Alternative Fuel type Elect. Price % escalation (VND/kWh) in fuel price (b) IRR % Textile mill “A” S.T.(TM) H.F.O. 800 7.0 19.9 Textile mill “B” S.T.(TM) H.F.O. 800 8.0 20.0 Textile mill “C” S.T.(TM) Coal 800 + 31.7 Paper mill “D” S.T.(TM) H.F.O. 800 8.0 19.8 Paper mill “E” S.T.(TM) Coal 870 + 37.1 S.T.(PM) Coal 870 + 34.9 S.T.(TM) H.F.O. 870 12.0 24.6 Rubber factory “H” S.T.(TM) Coal 780 + 30.9 Reciprocating engine Textile mill “A” R.E.(PM.) H.F.O. 800 + 26.4 Textile mill “B” R.E.(TM.) H.F.O. 800 6.6 20.1 R.E.(PM.) H.F.O. 800 12.0 27.7 Textile mill “C” R.E.(PM) H.F.O. 870 10.8 25.2 Paper mill “D” R.E.(TM.) H.F.O. 800 12.9 29.4 Paper mill “E” R.E.(PM) H.F.O. 870 + 40.5 Rubber Co. “H” R.E.(TM.) H.F.O. 780 + 21.2 R.E.(PM.) H.F.O. 780 15.0 20.5 Hotel “F” R.E.(TM) D.O 1,540 + 29.6 Note: R.E.(PM) D.O 1,540 + 27.5 (b): It is the percentage escalation when the IRR value reaches the hurdle rate (17 per cent) (+ means the IRR always remains above the hurdle rate; and – means the IRR always remains below the hurdle rate) Electricity price escalation In this analysis, the escalation of electricity price is varied from zero and 15 per cent per annum to see its impact on the IRR. The results are summarized in Table 4.14. As it would have been expected, if the electricity price escalation rate goes up, the value IRR also increases accordingly. Table 4.14 Impact of electricity price escalation rate (0-15 per cent per year) on IRR Steam turbine Factory Alternative Fuel Elect. Price % escalation in type (VND/kWh) electricity price (c) IRR % Textile mill “A” S.T.(TM) H.F.O. 800 + 19.9 Textile mill “B” S.T.(TM) H.F.O. 800 + 20.0 Textile mill “C” S.T.(TM) Coal 800 + 31.7 Paper mill “D” S.T.(TM) H.F.O. 800 + 19.8 Paper mill “E” S.T.(TM) Coal 870 + 37.1 S.T.(PM) Coal 870 + 34.9 S.T.(TM) H.F.O. 870 + 24.6 Rubber factory “H” S.T.(TM) Coal 780 + 30.9
Summary of country study – Viet Nam Reciprocating engine Textile mill “A” R.E.(PM.) H.F.O. 800 + 26.4 Textile mill “B” R.E.(TM.) H.F.O. 800 + 20.1 R.E.(PM.) H.F.O. 800 + 27.7 Textile mill “C” R.E.(PM) H.F.O. 870 + 25.2 Paper mill “D” R.E.(TM.) H.F.O. 800 + 29.4 Paper mill “E” R.E.(PM) H.F.O. 870 + 40.5 Rubber factory “H” R.E.(TM.) H.F.O. 780 + 21.2 R.E.(PM.) H.F.O. 780 + 20.5 Hotel “F” R.E.(TM) D.O 1,540 + 29.6 R.E.(PM) D.O 1,540 + 27.5 (c): It is the percentage escalation when the IRR value reaches the hurdle rate (17 per cent) (+ means the IRR always remains above the hurdle rate; and – means the IRR always remains below the hurdle rate) Changes in the income tax rate The income tax is varied from 5 to 35 per cent to see its impact on the profitability of the project, in terms of IRR. The results are given in Table 4.15. Table 4.15 Impact of increase in income tax rate (5-35 per cent per year) on IRR Steam turbine Factory Alternative Fuel type Elect. Price % increase in (VND/kWh) tax rate (d) IRR % Textile mill “A” S.T.(TM) H.F.O. 800 + 19.9 Textile mill “B” S.T.(TM) H.F.O. 800 25% 20.0 Textile mill “C” S.T.(TM) Coal 800 + 31.7 Paper mill “D” S.T.(TM) H.F.O. 800 23% 19.8 Paper mill “E” S.T.(TM) Coal 870 35% 37.1 S.T.(PM) Coal 870 + 34.9 S.T.(TM) H.F.O. 870 + 24.6 Rubber factory “H” S.T.(TM) Coal 780 + 30.9 Reciprocating engine Textile mill “A” R.E.(PM.) H.F.O. 800 + 26.4 Textile mill “B” R.E.(TM.) H.F.O. 800 25.0 20.1 R.E.(PM.) H.F.O. 800 + 27.7 Textile mill “C” R.E.(PM) H.F.O. 870 + 25.2 Paper mill “D” R.E.(TM.) H.F.O. 800 + 29.4 Paper mill “E” R.E.(PM) H.F.O. 870 + 40.5 Rubber factory “H” R.E.(TM.) H.F.O. 780 + 21.2 R.E.(PM.) H.F.O. 780 15% 20.5 Hotel “F” R.E.(TM) D.O 1,540 + 29.6 R.E.(PM) D.O 1,540 + 27.5 (d): It is the percentage increase when the IRR value reaches the hurdle rate (17 per cent) (+ means the IRR always remains above the hurdle rate; and – means the IRR always remains below the hurdle rate) In the case of steam turbine, an increased tax rate does not affect the IRR much. All coal fired boiler options are attractive with the IRR being higher than the hurdle rate. The heavy fuel oil fired boiler option is also attractive up to a tax rate of 23 to 25 per cent beyond which the IRR falls below the hurdle rate. So far, there has not been any official document on taxation of energy generated from unconventional plants. However, higher than 20 per cent 179
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PART 1: OVERVIEW OF COGENERATION AN
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4 Part I: Overview of cogeneration
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State of art review of cogeneration
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Policy framework for promoting coge
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Cogeneration in Asia today 49 1.1 I
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Cogeneration in Asia today 51 4,000
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Cogeneration in Asia today 53 1.3 T
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Cogeneration in Asia today 55 1.3.3
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Cogeneration in Asia today 61 1.7 R
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Cogeneration in Asia today 63 Every
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Cogeneration in Asia today 65 Cogen
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68 Part II: Cogeneration experience
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Cogeneration experiences around the
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PART 3: SUMMARY OF COUNTRY STUDIES
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98 Part3: Summary of country studie
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Sample case study in a pulp and pap
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