part 1: overview of cogeneration and its status in asia - Fire

More documents

Recommendations

Info

170 Part3: Summary of country studies – Bangladesh and Viet Nam IRR (%) 31.7 17.1 25.2 27.9 NPV (million VND) 26,224 8,897 36,288 42,189 Total installation cost (million VND) 23,952 68,831 57,552 52,438 Pay back period (year) 6 13 7 6 The average power-to-heat ratio is 0.275, for which steam turbine cogeneration seems suitable. Four alternatives are considered for the analysis, including steam turbine using coal, reciprocating engine using fuel oil, and gas turbine using natural gas. The results of the analysis for this company are shown in Table 4.5. Alternative 1 seems to be the most attractive option since its IRR and investment cost are the lowest among the four alternatives considered. The main advantage of this alternative is derived from the use of coal, which is a cheap fuel. However, it can satisfy a little more than 30 per cent of the company’s electricity demand. Alternative 2 can take care of all the power and heat demands of the factory but its IRR is the lowest and its investment cost is the highest among the four alternatives. Alternative 3 is also very attractive but its IRR is lower and investment cost is higher than those for the first alternative. The alternative 4 can also meet all the energy needs of the site and has a fairly high IRR but natural gas is presently not available at the site. 4.3.4 Paper mill “D” This is a big paper mill in Dông Nai province, with a capacity to produce 170 tons of paper per day. The factory has a condensing steam turbine power generator but it is not used. The company functions during 3 shifts per day, 300 days per year. It is presently connected to the national grid to take care of all its power needs. The power supply reliability is essential for the company for its production process. Self-generation with interconnection to the national grid could be a good solution for the company in the existing difficult situation of the power sector. Analysis of the electricity and steam consumption data allows to conclude the following: • Total Annual Electricity Consumption: 48,645 MWh • Maximum Electricity Demand: 7.66 MW • Minimum Electricity Demand: 3.84 MW • Total Annual Fuel Oil Consumption: 13.8 million litres • Total Annual Steam Use: 164,721 tons • Maximum Steam Demand: 29.1 tons/hr • Minimum Steam Demand: 11.1 ton/hr With an average power-to-heat ratio of 0.39 for the factory, the steam turbine cogeneration configuration seems the most suitable. The analysis for the Paper Company “D” was done with three configurations, including steam turbine, reciprocating engine and gas turbine, in order to make a comparison. The results of the analysis for this company are shown in Table 4.6. Among the above four alternatives, Alternative 2 seems to be the best since it gives a high IRR and taking fuel supply availability into consideration. The alternative 4 with natural gas as fuel seems to be the most attractive option but natural gas is not presently available at the site.
Summary of country study – Viet Nam Table 4.6 Summary of pre-feasibility study of the paper mill “D” Cogeneration Alternatives ALT.1 ALT.2 ALT.3 ALT.4 Configuration S.T. R.E. G.T. Fuel type H.F.O. N.G. Fuel price (VND) 1,800/ kg 3,710/GJ Electricity purchase price (VND/kWh) 800 Buy-back Rate (as % of purchase price) 56 Electricity price escalation rate (%/year) 5 Electricity consumption (MWh/year) 48,645 Thermal energy requirement (TJ/yr.) 450 Number of actual working hours per year 7,200 Power generating capacity (kW) 2,119 7,112 11,855 7,112 Steam generating capacity (kg/hr) 24,147 5,770 24,147 14,410 Excess(+)/Deficit(-) heat (TJ/year) 0 -342 0 -180 Excess(+)/Deficit(-) power (MWh/year) - 34,149 0 32,444 0 IRR (%) 19.8 29.4 24.8 30.7 Total installation cost (million VND) 33,578 68,740 108,446 75,218 Net present value (million VND) 9,842 75,280 64,618 74,992 Pay back period (year) 10 6 7 6 Alternative 1 could be a suitable solution in the present situation of capital shortage for investment; it requires the lowest investment cost among the four alternatives. However, it can only meet 25 per cent of the annual electricity demand of the factory. Alternative 3 seems to be able to cover all electricity and heat demands of the company. Its IRR is also quite acceptable but the investment required is the highest among the four alternatives. Furthermore, natural gas is presently not available at the site. 4.3.5 Pulp and paper mill “E” The company “E”, sponsored by the Government of Sweden, was constructed in 1980 with the purpose of satisfying the paper demand of the northern region. It is located in a province where trees can be obtained as the primary material for making pulp and paper. The main products of the company are paper and packaging paper. The existing capacity is 55,000 tons per year. For the next two years, its capacity is planned to go up to 100,000 tons per year, and to 200,000 tons for the year 2005. Therefore the company projects to invest heavily on its extension, as well as the energy supply system. This study however focuses only on the existing plant. Results of the analysis of data gathered from the electricity and fuel bills in 1997 are summarized below: • Total Annual Electricity Consumption: 48,645 MWh • Maximum Electricity Demand: 21.8 MW • Minimum Electricity Demand: 15.5 MW • Total Annual Coal Consumption: 82,080 tons • Maximum Steam Demand: 137 tons/hr • Minimum Steam Demand: 97 ton/hr 171
Page 1:
PART 1: OVERVIEW OF COGENERATION AN
Page 4 and 5:
4 Part I: Overview of cogeneration
Page 6 and 7:
Page 8 and 9:
Page 10 and 11:
Page 12 and 13:
State of art review of cogeneration
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Policy framework for promoting coge
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Cogeneration in Asia today 49 1.1 I
Page 48 and 49:
Cogeneration in Asia today 51 4,000
Page 50 and 51:
Cogeneration in Asia today 53 1.3 T
Page 52 and 53:
Cogeneration in Asia today 55 1.3.3
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Cogeneration in Asia today 61 1.7 R
Page 60 and 61:
Cogeneration in Asia today 63 Every
Page 62 and 63:
Cogeneration in Asia today 65 Cogen
Page 64 and 65:
68 Part II: Cogeneration experience
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Cogeneration experiences around the
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90:
PART 3: SUMMARY OF COUNTRY STUDIES
Page 93 and 94:
98 Part3: Summary of country studie
Page 95 and 96:
100 Part3: Summary of country studi
Page 97 and 98:
Sample case study in a pulp and pap
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112: Sample case study in a pulp and pap
Page 125 and 126: Summary of country study - Banglade
Page 153 and 154: Summary of country study - Viet Nam
Page 161: Summary of country study - Viet Nam
Page 177: Summary of country study - Viet Nam
show all

part 1: overview of cogeneration and its status in asia - Fire

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?