part 1: overview of cogeneration and its status in asia - Fire

Summary of country study – Viet Nam
Due to the lack of instrumentation, there is no measurement of the steam consumed in the
factory. The steam consumption pattern is established on the basis of the coal consumption
data of the boilers. Analysis of data gathered from the electricity and fuel bills shows the
following:
• Total Annual Electricity Consumption: 12,000 MWh
• Maximum Electricity Demand: 5.84 MW
• Minimum Electricity Demand: 2.12 MW
• Total Annual Coal Consumption: 23,500 tons
• Maximum Steam Demand: 20 tons/hr
• Minimum Steam Demand: 8 tons/hr
With an average power-to-heat ratio of 0.11 for the factory, the steam turbine cogeneration
configuration seems the most suitable. The analysis for the rubber factory was done with
three configurations, including steam turbine, reciprocating engine and gas turbine, in order to
make a comparison. The cogeneration systems that lead to acceptable IRR values are listed
in Table 4.8.
Table 4.8 Summary of pre-feasibility study of the rubber factory “H”
Cogeneration Alternatives Alt.1 Alt. 2 Alt. 3 Alt. 4
Configuration S.T. G.T. R.E. (TM) R.E. (PM)
Fuel type Coal N.G. H.F.O.
Fuel price (VND) 280/kg 1,430/m 3
1,800/kg
Electricity purchase price (VND/kWh) 780
Buy-back rate (as % of purchase price) 70
Electricity price escalation rate (%/year) 5
Number of actual working hours per year 7,200
Heat generating capacity (kg/h) 13,835 3,539 13,835 1,410
Power generating capacity (kW) 1,163 1,754 17,215 1,754
Electricity consumption (MWh/yr.) 12,000
Thermal energy requirement (TJ/yr.) 260
Excess (+)/Deficit (-) heat (TJ/yr.) 0 -193 0 -234
Excess (+)/Deficit (-) power (MWh/yr.) -4,047 0 105,751 0
IRR (%) 30.9 22.1 21.2 20.5
Total installation cost (million VND) 18,597 73,248 120,231 23,986
Net present value (million VND) 19,348 10,259 44,698 7,905
Pay back period (year) 6 9 9 10
As shown in the above summary table, the alternative 1 can be considered as the best option
for cogeneration application in this factory as it gives the highest IRR and requires the lowest
capital investment cost which may be financially acceptable to the company. IRR of the three
other alternatives vary around 21 per cent. However, the alternative 4 seems to be attractive
because of its low investment cost. Alternative 3 can cover all heat and electricity demands
of the factory but its investment cost is the highest among all the four alternatives.
4.3.7 Hotel “F”
This hotel is located in the centre of Ho Chi Minh City. Originally, brought into business in
1995 as a joint venture between a foreign company and Ho Chi Minh City Tourist Company,
the hotel occupies an area of 3,000m 2 . Its total operation area is 37,468 m 2 with 542 rooms.
The hotel operates 24 hours a day and 365 days a year.
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