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The Mediterranean of Louis XV 255 aligned oneself in relation to the Querelle des Anciens et Modernes—the Greek poet was always imagined enthroned on Chios scribbling away in his study. The idea that his work was that of an illiterate and what’s more, an itinerant bard roaming around the coast of Turkey was apparently first advanced by Robert Wood (1717?–71) in A Comparative View of the Antient and Present State of the Troade: To Which is Prefixed an Essay on the Original Genius of Homer (1767) 42 (Fig. 10.3). Wood toured Greece and the Near East extensively in the 1740s. His most innovative ideas were the result of layering his own travel experiences over Homer’s descriptions, something that had never been done by any serious scholar. None of those engaged in the Querelle des Anciens et Modernes had ever visited Greece. For Wood, Homer was ‘a traveller of curiosity and observation’. 43 He realized that the entire narrative framework of the Iliad and the Odyssey depended on Homer’s experience of the geography of the Aegean Sea. Wood concluded that Homer saw Greece entirely from the Turkish coast and that his descriptions of landscapes can only be reconciled with an ‘Ionian point of view’. 44 Significantly, Wood criticized the failure of modern translators, notably Alexander Pope, to understand Homer’s point of view. For Wood, the text was not merely a linear narrative but a map of experience. He imagined Homer pointing out landscape features around his audience and connecting his subject to the spot where the recital took place. The relationship between the human and divine planes described in the Iliad only made sense if one triangulated the geographical features described by Homer: ‘If we form to ourselves a just idea of the respective situation, distance, and perspective, of Olympus, Ida and the Grecian Camp, we shall find Homer’s celestial geography so happily connected with his Map of Troy, that the scene is shifted from one to the other naturally.’ 45 For Wood, the Iliad and the Odyssey were as much about the actions of Gods and heroes as the experience of landscape, experiences based on navigation as the principal means of displacement (Fig. 10.4). 42 The edition of 1767 was limited to seven copies. 43 R. Wood, An Essay on the Original Genius and Writings of Homer: With a comparative view of the Ancient and Present State of the Troade (London, 44 45 1775), 34. Ibid. 21. Ibid. 132.
256 The Mediterranean of Louis XV Fig. 10.3. ‘A Head of Homer. From the Collection of Lyde Browne Esq’ (J. B. Cipriani, d.; Engrav’d by J. Basire), from Robert Wood, An Essay on the Original Genius and Writings of Homer (London, 1775). (Courtesy of the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto.)
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RETHINKING THE MEDITERRANEAN
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RETHINKING THE MEDITERRANEAN Edited
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PREFACE How useful is the Mediterra
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Preface vii I am sharply aware of w
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CONTENTS List of Maps xv List of Il
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Contents xi 5. Artificial revivals.
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Contents xiii 3. Doughnuts in cyber
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LIST OF MAPS 1. The eastern Mediter
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 10.1. Correct
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Braudel, MMW
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NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS David Abulafi
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Mycenae Crete M E D I T E R R A N E
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La Coruna ~ Lisbon Panóias M A U R
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1 The Mediterranean and Ancient His
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The Mediterranean and Ancient Histo
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long-distance exchange of commoditi
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The Big Canvas
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2 Practical Mediterraneanism: Excus
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Practical Mediterraneanism 47 richn
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Practical Mediterraneanism 49 own e
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Practical Mediterraneanism 51 My bu
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Practical Mediterraneanism 53 Iberi
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Practical Mediterraneanism 55 of
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Practical Mediterraneanism 57 Briti
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Practical Mediterraneanism 59 Such
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Practical Mediterraneanism 61 In an
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Practical Mediterraneanism 63 count
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Mediterraneans 65 The intention her
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Mediterraneans 67 another, literall
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Mediterraneans 69 tyrant Hieron off
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Mediterraneans 71 and the Islamic s
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Mediterraneans 73 lands in the coun
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Mediterraneans 75 combination of na
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Mediterraneans 77 northern Germany
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Mediterraneans 79 royal campaigns,
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Mediterraneans 81 dissuaded histori
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Mediterraneans 83 sea, and the midd
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Mediterraneans 85 instance) the muc
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Mediterraneans 87 different process
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Mediterraneans 89 seals, and under
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Mediterraneans 91 Malacca was a sor
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Mediterraneans 93 of their often po
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Ecology and Beyond 95 level unknown
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Ecology and Beyond 97 by sea. Archa
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Ecology and Beyond 99 coast, of the
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Ecology and Beyond 101 the New King
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Ecology and Beyond 103 trade in the
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Ecology and Beyond 105 Then it shou
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Ecology and Beyond 107 text is to b
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Ecology and Beyond 109 gation of Af
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Ecology and Beyond 111 And if one t
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Ecology and Beyond 113 important pr
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Angles of Vision
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5 The Eastern Mediterranean in Earl
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The Early Eastern Mediterranean 119
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6 Ritual Dynamics in the Eastern Me
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Ritual Dynamics 143 sacralized econ
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Ritual Dynamics 145 oath ceremonies
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Ritual Dynamics 147 a radical disco
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Ritual Dynamics 149 of rituals of m
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Ritual Dynamics 151 often this elus
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Ritual Dynamics 153 Thanks to numer
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Ritual Dynamics 155 inscriptions we
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Ritual Dynamics 157 of no blaze tha
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Ritual Dynamics 159 a maiden, which
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Boeotia, the question asked is not
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Ritual Dynamics 163 who revived a n
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Ritual Dynamics 165 a new social co
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7 The East-West Orientation of Medi
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East-West Orientation 169 globe.’
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East-West Orientation 171 thereby e
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East-West Orientation 173 slave, fr
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East-West Orientation 175 not be su
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East-West Orientation 177 Yet a str
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8 Travel Sickness: Medicine and Mob
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Travel Sickness 181 suffering requi
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Travel Sickness 183 is the highway,
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Travel Sickness 185 The latter read
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Travel Sickness 187 clear, nonethel
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Travel Sickness 189 charmes our sen
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Travel Sickness 191 images). 47 Thi
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Travel Sickness 193 and Latin Europ
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Travel Sickness 195 seasickness. 62
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Travel Sickness 197 tained writing
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Travel Sickness 199 befitted his st
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The View from the Customs House 201
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The View from the Customs House 203
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Page 260 and 261: The Archaeology of Knowledge
Page 262 and 263: 10 Travel and Experience in the Med
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Page 277 and 278: 250 The Mediterranean of Louis XV F
Page 279 and 280: 252 The Mediterranean of Louis XV r
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Page 285 and 286: 258 The Mediterranean of Louis XV S
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Page 295 and 296: 11 The Mirage of Greek Continuity:
Page 297 and 298: 270 Mirage of Greek Continuity Scho
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306 Mediterranean Reception in the
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13 Alphabet Soup in the Mediterrane
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316 Alphabet Soup argue, in a name.
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Table 13.1. Continues Abbreviation
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320 Alphabet Soup seems to have sur
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322 Alphabet Soup coherence of the
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324 Alphabet Soup Spanish, and Ital
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326 Alphabet Soup 5. mission and ag
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328 Alphabet Soup What particularly
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330 Alphabet Soup subtitle: The Aus
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332 Alphabet Soup A Journal that de
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334 Alphabet Soup of society in the
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336 Alphabet Soup one—for the pos
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340 Egypt and the Mediterranean str
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342 Egypt and the Mediterranean In
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344 Egypt and the Mediterranean vis
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346 Egypt and the Mediterranean pos
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15 Four Years of Corruption: A Resp
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350 Four Years of Corruption CS, fi
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352 Four Years of Corruption ‘onl
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354 Four Years of Corruption settle
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356 Four Years of Corruption The st
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358 Four Years of Corruption CS was
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360 Four Years of Corruption Later
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362 Four Years of Corruption Let us
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364 Four Years of Corruption All th
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366 Four Years of Corruption combin
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368 Four Years of Corruption months
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370 Four Years of Corruption being,
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372 Four Years of Corruption we do
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374 Four Years of Corruption Third,
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378 Select Bibliography Alföldy, G
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380 Select Bibliography J. L. Bintl
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382 Select Bibliography Swedish Ins
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384 Select Bibliography Cherry, J.
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386 Select Bibliography zum Gegenwa
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388 Select Bibliography Friedlände
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390 Select Bibliography Grundlagen
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392 Select Bibliography Horden, P.,
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394 Select Bibliography Lederman, R
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396 Select Bibliography Merkelbach,
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398 Select Bibliography Osborne, R.
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400 Select Bibliography Ridgway, D.
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402 Select Bibliography Shaw, I., T
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404 Select Bibliography Van De Mier
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408 Index Braudel, F. (cont.) 221,
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410 Index Greaves, John 239 Greece,
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412 Index Miletus 152-3 mineral res
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414 Index Thasos 222-3, 226 Theocri
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