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The Mediterranean of Louis XV 259 based on the testimony of Pausanias, but also surveyed the ports of the city and of the plain of Sparta (Fig. 10.5). Most significantly, Leroy rejected the conventional understanding of the architectural spectator as an immobile observer who perceived beauty through the passive absorption of proportional relationships, proposing instead that the perception of architecture, like the impression of a landscape, was the product of the displacement of an observer in an environment of forms. In the first edition of Les Ruines des plus beaux monuments de la Grèce (1758), Leroy demonstrated that the visual experience of architecture from different points of view was the only basis for aesthetic judgement. Describing the profiles and sculpture of the Parthenon entablature, he commented that: ‘On voit ce superbe édifice de fort loin, par quelque chemin que l’on arrive à cette ville par terre, & on l’apperçoit dès l’entrée du golphe d’Engia. Si sa grandeur & la blancheur du marbre dont il est construit impriment, dès qu’on le découvre, un sentiment d’admiration, l’élégance de ses proportions, & la beauté des basreliefs dont il est orné, ne satisfont pas moins, quand on le considere de près’ 47 (Fig. 10.6). In the second edition of Les Ruines (1770), Leroy turned the experience of architecture into a voyage philosophique, proposing that the impression of beauty resulted from changing visual impressions produced by the motion of an observer. Sequences of evenly spaced, freestanding columns such as those that surrounded Greek temples were a particularly effective means of producing rich spatial experiences, vivified by the constantly changing play of light and shadow on mouldings and surfaces. The proportions, dimensions and details of the orders were consequently displaced from their pre-eminent position as the constituent elements of architecture (Fig. 10.7). The intellectual frame of reference for Leroy’s method contrasts dramatically with that of his British contemporaries James Stuart (1713–88) and Nicholas Revett (1720–1804), whose assessment of the same monuments in their Antiquities of Athens (1762–1816) was predicated on the idea that precise measurement and the testimony of ancient texts were the only valid means of understanding the ruins of ancient architecture. The 47 J.-D. Leroy, Les Ruines des plus beaux monuments de la Grèce (Paris, 1758), part I, 9.
Fig. 10.5. ‘Plan de la Plaine d’Athenes, et de quelques lieux qui l’environnent’ (Littret de Montigny, sculpt.), from Julien-David Leroy, Les Ruines des plus beaux monuments de la Grèce (Paris, 1758), part 1, pl. 9. (Courtesy of the Bibliothèque Municipale de Marseille.)
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RETHINKING THE MEDITERRANEAN
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RETHINKING THE MEDITERRANEAN Edited
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PREFACE How useful is the Mediterra
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Preface vii I am sharply aware of w
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CONTENTS List of Maps xv List of Il
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Contents xi 5. Artificial revivals.
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Contents xiii 3. Doughnuts in cyber
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LIST OF MAPS 1. The eastern Mediter
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 10.1. Correct
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Braudel, MMW
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NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS David Abulafi
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Mycenae Crete M E D I T E R R A N E
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La Coruna ~ Lisbon Panóias M A U R
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1 The Mediterranean and Ancient His
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The Mediterranean and Ancient Histo
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long-distance exchange of commoditi
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The Big Canvas
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2 Practical Mediterraneanism: Excus
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Practical Mediterraneanism 47 richn
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Practical Mediterraneanism 49 own e
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Practical Mediterraneanism 51 My bu
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Practical Mediterraneanism 53 Iberi
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Practical Mediterraneanism 55 of
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Practical Mediterraneanism 57 Briti
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Practical Mediterraneanism 59 Such
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Practical Mediterraneanism 61 In an
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Practical Mediterraneanism 63 count
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Mediterraneans 65 The intention her
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Mediterraneans 67 another, literall
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Mediterraneans 69 tyrant Hieron off
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Mediterraneans 71 and the Islamic s
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Mediterraneans 73 lands in the coun
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Mediterraneans 75 combination of na
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Mediterraneans 77 northern Germany
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Mediterraneans 79 royal campaigns,
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Mediterraneans 81 dissuaded histori
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Mediterraneans 83 sea, and the midd
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Mediterraneans 85 instance) the muc
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Mediterraneans 87 different process
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Mediterraneans 89 seals, and under
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Mediterraneans 91 Malacca was a sor
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Mediterraneans 93 of their often po
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Ecology and Beyond 95 level unknown
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Ecology and Beyond 97 by sea. Archa
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Ecology and Beyond 99 coast, of the
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Ecology and Beyond 101 the New King
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Ecology and Beyond 103 trade in the
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Ecology and Beyond 105 Then it shou
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Ecology and Beyond 107 text is to b
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Ecology and Beyond 109 gation of Af
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Ecology and Beyond 111 And if one t
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Ecology and Beyond 113 important pr
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Angles of Vision
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5 The Eastern Mediterranean in Earl
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The Early Eastern Mediterranean 119
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6 Ritual Dynamics in the Eastern Me
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Ritual Dynamics 143 sacralized econ
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Ritual Dynamics 145 oath ceremonies
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Ritual Dynamics 147 a radical disco
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Ritual Dynamics 149 of rituals of m
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Ritual Dynamics 151 often this elus
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Ritual Dynamics 153 Thanks to numer
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Ritual Dynamics 155 inscriptions we
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Ritual Dynamics 157 of no blaze tha
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Ritual Dynamics 159 a maiden, which
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Boeotia, the question asked is not
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Ritual Dynamics 163 who revived a n
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Ritual Dynamics 165 a new social co
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7 The East-West Orientation of Medi
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East-West Orientation 169 globe.’
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East-West Orientation 171 thereby e
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East-West Orientation 173 slave, fr
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East-West Orientation 175 not be su
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East-West Orientation 177 Yet a str
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8 Travel Sickness: Medicine and Mob
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Travel Sickness 181 suffering requi
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Travel Sickness 183 is the highway,
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Travel Sickness 185 The latter read
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Travel Sickness 187 clear, nonethel
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Travel Sickness 189 charmes our sen
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Travel Sickness 191 images). 47 Thi
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Travel Sickness 193 and Latin Europ
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Travel Sickness 195 seasickness. 62
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Travel Sickness 197 tained writing
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Travel Sickness 199 befitted his st
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The View from the Customs House 201
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Page 260 and 261: The Archaeology of Knowledge
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Page 277 and 278: 250 The Mediterranean of Louis XV F
Page 279 and 280: 252 The Mediterranean of Louis XV r
Page 281 and 282: 254 The Mediterranean of Louis XV a
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Page 295 and 296: 11 The Mirage of Greek Continuity:
Page 297 and 298: 270 Mirage of Greek Continuity Scho
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Page 301 and 302: 274 Mirage of Greek Continuity and
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310 Mediterranean Reception in the
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312 Mediterranean Reception in the
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13 Alphabet Soup in the Mediterrane
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316 Alphabet Soup argue, in a name.
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Table 13.1. Continues Abbreviation
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320 Alphabet Soup seems to have sur
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322 Alphabet Soup coherence of the
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324 Alphabet Soup Spanish, and Ital
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326 Alphabet Soup 5. mission and ag
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328 Alphabet Soup What particularly
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330 Alphabet Soup subtitle: The Aus
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332 Alphabet Soup A Journal that de
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334 Alphabet Soup of society in the
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336 Alphabet Soup one—for the pos
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340 Egypt and the Mediterranean str
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342 Egypt and the Mediterranean In
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344 Egypt and the Mediterranean vis
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346 Egypt and the Mediterranean pos
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15 Four Years of Corruption: A Resp
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350 Four Years of Corruption CS, fi
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352 Four Years of Corruption ‘onl
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354 Four Years of Corruption settle
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356 Four Years of Corruption The st
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358 Four Years of Corruption CS was
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360 Four Years of Corruption Later
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362 Four Years of Corruption Let us
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364 Four Years of Corruption All th
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366 Four Years of Corruption combin
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368 Four Years of Corruption months
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370 Four Years of Corruption being,
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372 Four Years of Corruption we do
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374 Four Years of Corruption Third,
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378 Select Bibliography Alföldy, G
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380 Select Bibliography J. L. Bintl
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382 Select Bibliography Swedish Ins
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384 Select Bibliography Cherry, J.
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386 Select Bibliography zum Gegenwa
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388 Select Bibliography Friedlände
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390 Select Bibliography Grundlagen
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392 Select Bibliography Horden, P.,
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394 Select Bibliography Lederman, R
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396 Select Bibliography Merkelbach,
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398 Select Bibliography Osborne, R.
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400 Select Bibliography Ridgway, D.
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402 Select Bibliography Shaw, I., T
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404 Select Bibliography Van De Mier
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408 Index Braudel, F. (cont.) 221,
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410 Index Greaves, John 239 Greece,
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412 Index Miletus 152-3 mineral res
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414 Index Thasos 222-3, 226 Theocri
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