PDF (PhD Thesis Susan Chipchase) - Nottingham eTheses ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Buchanan, T. W. (2007). Retrieval of emotional memories. Psychological Bulletin, 133(5), 761-779. Buodo, G., Sarlo, M., & Palomba, D. (2002). Attentional resources measured by reaction times highlight differences within pleasant and unpleasant, high arousing stimuli. Motivation and Emotion, 26(2), 123-138. Calvo, M. G., & Lang, P. J. (2004). Gaze patterns when looking at emotional pictures: Motivationally biased attention. Motivation and Emotion, 28(3), 221-243. Calvo, M. G., & Nummenmaa, L. (2007). Processing of unattended emotional visual scenes. Journal of Experimental Psychology-General, 136(3), 347-369. Calvo, M. G., Nummenmaa, L., & Hyona, J. (2008). Emotional scenes in peripheral vision: Selective orienting and gist processing, but not content identification. Emotion, 8(1), 68-80. Christianson, S. A. (1992). Emotional-Stress and Eyewitness Memory - a Critical-Review. Psychological Bulletin, 112(2), 284-309. Christianson, S. A., & Loftus, E. F. (1991). Remembering emotional events - the fate of detailed information. Cognition & Emotion, 5(2), 81-108. Christianson, S. A., Loftus, E. F., Hoffman, H., & Loftus, G. R. (1991). Eye fixations and memory for emotional events. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition, 17(4), 693-701. Clark-Carter, D. (1997). Doing quantiative psychologial research: From design to report. Hove, UK: Psychology Press. 285
Clark-Foos, A., & Marsh, R. L. (2008). Recognition memory for valenced and arousing materials under conditions of divided attention. Memory, 16(5), 530-537. Coan, J. A., & Allen, J. J. B. (2007). Handbook of Emotion Elicitation and Assessment. New York: Oxford University Press. Cohn, J. F., & Kanade, T. (2007). Use of automated facial image analysis for measurement of emotion expression. In J. A. Coan & J. J. B. Allen (Eds.), Handbook of Emotion Elicitation and Assessment (pp. 222-238). New York: Oxford University Press. Conway, M. A., S.J., A., Larsen, S. F., Donnelly, C. M., McDaniel, M. A., McClelland, A. G. R., et al. (1994). The formation of flashbulb memories. Memory & Cognition, 22, 326-343. Cook, G. I., Hicks, J. L., & Marsh, R. L. (2007). Source monitoring is not always enhanced for valenced material. Memory & Cognition, 35(2), 222-230. Dahl, M., Johansson, M., & Allwood, C. M. (2006). The relation between realism in confidence judgements and the phenomenological quality of recognition memory when using emotionally valenced pictures. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20(6), 791-806. Damasio, A. R. (1999). The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness. New York: Harcourt Brace. D'Argembeau, A., Comblain, C., & Van der Linden, M. (2005). Affective valence and the self-reference effect: Influence of retrieval conditions. British Journal of Psychology, 96, 457-466. 286
Page 1 and 2:
THE EMOTIONAL ENHANCEMENT OF MEMORY
Page 3 and 4:
the memory effects. Surprisingly, t
Page 5 and 6:
and motivation was waning. Most imp
Page 7 and 8:
Meta-analysis: Experiments 6-10…
Page 9 and 10:
negative, neutral or positive objec
Page 11 and 12:
Figure 6.2. Summary of findings fro
Page 13 and 14:
Table 3.5. Criteria for giving resp
Page 15 and 16:
avoidance task ………………
Page 17 and 18:
loved one could block their ability
Page 19 and 20:
eport, physiological response and c
Page 21 and 22:
Section 1.2. What effects do emotio
Page 23 and 24:
due to external influences. In cont
Page 25 and 26:
of naturally occurring emotions or
Page 27 and 28:
ecause mood inductions generally re
Page 29 and 30:
(e.g. Conway et al., 1994). Memory
Page 31 and 32:
alternatives (Lockhart, 2000). The
Page 33 and 34:
equired participants to distinguish
Page 35 and 36:
een found when memory is assessed b
Page 37 and 38:
peripheral elements of emotional an
Page 39 and 40:
processing of the specific content
Page 41 and 42:
failure to retrieve episodic memori
Page 43 and 44:
effects on cognitive processes, eve
Page 45 and 46:
ecollection and familiarity within
Page 47 and 48:
emotional influence on memory. In t
Page 49 and 50:
year (Dolcos et al., 2005). There a
Page 51 and 52:
e suitable for investigating memory
Page 53 and 54:
possible that having to distinguish
Page 55 and 56:
of photographs of people, animals a
Page 57 and 58:
Retrieval phase: Participants then
Page 59:
y the ANOVA’s. These are only rep
Page 62 and 63:
Table 2.1: Experiments 1 and 2: Res
Page 64 and 65:
In these experiments the influence
Page 66 and 67:
We found evidence of recognition me
Page 68 and 69:
For the recognition test, which was
Page 70 and 71:
Section 5. Experiments 2A and 2B: P
Page 72 and 73:
items that had been seen previously
Page 74 and 75:
Section 7. Experiment 2E: Recogniti
Page 76 and 77:
Table 2.2. Experiment 2: Results of
Page 78 and 79:
For the ‘know’ responses the ma
Page 80 and 81:
Section 8. Experiment 2 - General D
Page 82 and 83:
Presentation of stimuli in blocked
Page 84 and 85:
It is possible that the act of maki
Page 86 and 87:
enhancement can be influenced by re
Page 88 and 89:
levels of memory between the positi
Page 90 and 91:
the performance of any subsequent t
Page 92 and 93:
experiment to provide a set of targ
Page 94 and 95:
Experimental stimuli were presented
Page 96 and 97:
Recognition performance in all thre
Page 98 and 99:
Analysis of RKG responses We analys
Page 100 and 101:
Further signal detection analysis o
Page 102 and 103:
stimuli, which corresponded with mo
Page 104 and 105:
could be generalised to the real-wo
Page 106 and 107:
paradigm was first introduced by Tu
Page 108 and 109:
The nature of recognition memory an
Page 110 and 111:
The relation between Remember/Know/
Page 112 and 113:
We proposed that a Remember respons
Page 114 and 115:
to either the RKN or SSN memory tas
Page 116 and 117:
change in a dimension (e.g., a ligh
Page 118 and 119:
were prompted to indicate by key pr
Page 120 and 121:
When you think the picture was not
Page 122 and 123:
conducted to further analyse the ma
Page 124 and 125:
interactions in the ANOVAs were fou
Page 126 and 127:
Table 3.9. Same/Similar/New task: N
Page 128 and 129:
Orthogonal contrasts revealed that
Page 130 and 131:
Table 3.11. Remember/Know/New task:
Page 132 and 133:
suitable responses were not equable
Page 134 and 135:
We found that more ‘remember’ r
Page 136 and 137:
say that context is easier to remem
Page 138 and 139:
Levine & Bluck, 2004; Storbeck & Cl
Page 140 and 141:
Figure 4.1. Examples of pairs of ne
Page 142 and 143:
Familiarity i) Word frequency and w
Page 144 and 145:
were not sure if there was going to
Page 146 and 147:
Table 4.1. Experiment 5: Proportion
Page 148 and 149:
memory for positive stimuli. These
Page 150 and 151:
whether visual specificity for posi
Page 152 and 153:
Figure 4.3. Examples of stimuli. St
Page 154 and 155:
0.59 (-1.65 to 2.55; 0.98) respecti
Page 156 and 157:
Section 3.3. Results The data for t
Page 158 and 159:
Figure 4.4. Mean average specific a
Page 160 and 161:
The possibility of a response bias
Page 162 and 163:
Section 4. Experiment 7: Biases in
Page 164 and 165:
of an attentional encoding explanat
Page 166 and 167:
esults will be found as for Experim
Page 168 and 169:
of one second was displayed before
Page 170 and 171:
Table 4.3. Mean responses (SE) for
Page 172 and 173:
greater recognition for the objects
Page 174 and 175:
Table 4.4. Mean average (SE) number
Page 176 and 177:
eveal a significantly longer total
Page 178 and 179:
difference between scenes with a ne
Page 180 and 181:
of memory for positive objects was
Page 182 and 183:
independent of attention, which is
Page 184 and 185:
lack of a central-peripheral trade-
Page 186 and 187:
to a detriment in memory for periph
Page 188 and 189:
Alternative measures of memory: Ass
Page 190 and 191:
associative binding (Touryan et al,
Page 192 and 193:
greatly diminish or disappear with
Page 194 and 195:
Factors unrelated to intrinsic emot
Page 196 and 197:
faces or places (Puri & Wojciulik,
Page 198 and 199:
We predict that the pattern of memo
Page 200 and 201:
ackground they had seen in the stud
Page 202 and 203:
component (F(2,34) = 5.45, MSe = 0.
Page 204 and 205:
Associative Memory In the associati
Page 206 and 207:
The number of fixations made were a
Page 208 and 209:
longer total gaze duration on the e
Page 210 and 211:
.54], nor on backgrounds of scenes
Page 212 and 213:
the background when presented later
Page 214 and 215:
Section 3.1. Introduction Section 3
Page 216 and 217:
were then shown, preceded by a 20 s
Page 218 and 219:
2.56, p < .001, partial eta 2 = .71
Page 220 and 221:
(negative, neutral, positive) and s
Page 222 and 223:
object in a scene. There was no sig
Page 224 and 225:
eradication of any emotional enhanc
Page 226 and 227:
possible that the emotional stimuli
Page 228 and 229:
central-peripheral trade off in the
Page 230 and 231:
Section 3.3. Results Results of the
Page 232 and 233:
Planned contrasts revealed the impa
Page 234 and 235:
component (object, background) inte
Page 236 and 237:
ackground of the scene. There was n
Page 238 and 239:
Section 3.4. Discussion There was e
Page 240 and 241: identify with eye movement recordin
Page 242 and 243: Table 5.7. Average ratings (standar
Page 244 and 245: emotional influence on the results
Page 246 and 247: Figure 5.7. Specific and general re
Page 248 and 249: ecognition of positive and negative
Page 250 and 251: Figure 5.9. Specific and General Re
Page 252 and 253: Section 5.3. Eye movement results T
Page 254 and 255: .01). Post-hoc Tukey’s HSD were u
Page 256 and 257: The number of fixations made on dif
Page 258 and 259: (F(1.79,5.37) = 7.12, MSe = 232535.
Page 260 and 261: emotional and neutral object [F(1,6
Page 262 and 263: Figure 5.16. Experiments 7 - 10: Av
Page 264 and 265: may be that the scenes were easier
Page 266 and 267: Chapter 6. Discussion In the final
Page 268 and 269: In chapter 4 I extended the experim
Page 270 and 271: Figure 6.3 Summary of findings from
Page 272 and 273: alternative measures of attention h
Page 274 and 275: distribution of visual attention re
Page 276 and 277: designing and conducting experiment
Page 278 and 279: contributed to the difficulty in cr
Page 280 and 281: whether these perceptual difference
Page 282 and 283: Richardson-Klavehn, 2005) with the
Page 284 and 285: High Threshold Theory (Macmillan &
Page 286 and 287: participant and the artificial prod
Page 288 and 289: References Adolphs, R. (2002). Reco
Page 292 and 293: Davidson, R. J. (1994). On emotion,
Page 294 and 295: Gardiner, J. M., Ramponi, C., & Ric
Page 296 and 297: James, W. (1884). What is an emotio
Page 298 and 299: Levine, L. J., & Bluck, S. (2004).
Page 300 and 301: components. Journal of Experimental
Page 302 and 303: Rowe, G., Hirsh, J. B., & Anderson,
Page 304 and 305: Talmi, D., Schimmack, U., Paterson,
Page 306 and 307: Zajonc, R. B. (1968). Attitudinal e
Page 308 and 309: Appendix 2.2. ANOVA Analyses for Ex
Page 310 and 311: Table 2.2.4. Experiment 1: Separate
Page 312 and 313: Appendix 3.2. Contamination of Retr
Page 314 and 315: Appendix 4.1 Analysis of Same, Simi
Page 316 and 317: Scene component* emotion* response
Page 318 and 319: Section 4.1.2 Analysis for Experime
Page 320 and 321: Emotion* Response type F(4,68) = 0.
Page 322 and 323: esponse F(1,17) = 0.25, New respons
Page 324 and 325: Scene component* Response type Tuke
Page 326 and 327: Same response Similar response New
Page 328 and 329: Effect ANOVA result Response type F
Page 330 and 331: Similar response New response Same
Page 332 and 333: Tukey’s post hocs: For objects Sa
Page 334 and 335: esponse F(1,17) = 1.95, Similar res
show all

PDF (PhD Thesis Susan Chipchase) - Nottingham eTheses ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?