PDF (PhD Thesis Susan Chipchase) - Nottingham eTheses ...

ecollection and familiarity within a task. Recollection is measured as the
difference in responding when people are specifically directed to not use
responses from a particular study episode (an exclusion condition) compared to
when they are directed to use responses from that study episode (an inclusion
condition). For example people may be instructed to respond ‘yes’ to some
items which they have seen and heard in an earlier encoding task, and to some
other items only if they were heard in the earlier encoding task but not if they
were also seen. Aupee (2007) used a variant of PDP which required
participants to complete two recognition tests where in one test they must
identify pictures presented in the first half of the training phase, and not those
presented later, or ‘new’ pictures. In the second test they must discriminate
between pictures presented in the second half of the training phase and other
pictures. Aupee (2007) found evidence that in this case, recollection of
negative and positive pictures was lower than for neutral pictures. Aupee
(2007) suggested that this lack of emotional enhancement, in contrast to that
found in many earlier studies, may be due to the information upon which
recollection must be based when using the PDP method. Estimates of
recollection derived from PDP are greatly determined by the ability to recollect
a very targeted piece of information, such as when the stimulus was presented
(Aupee, 2007). This is in contrast to studies using estimates of recollection
based on a Remember-Know judgement where it may be that ‘remember’
judgements were based on a memory of the emotional reactions and associated
thought at the time of encoding, rather than recollection of specific perceptual
details of the stimulus (Aupee, 2007).
40