PDF (PhD Thesis Susan Chipchase) - Nottingham eTheses ...

These findings may differ in the degree to which they are due to an influence
of emotion at the time of encoding or retrieval.
Other types of memory test include cued recall where participants are
presented with a cue and required to recall an item associated with that cue;
serial recall in which participants are instructed to recall items in the order in
which they were presented and free recall in which participants are asked to
recall items in any order.
All the tests above have been described as measuring explicit memory
where there is a conscious effort to fulfill the instructions to remember. This is
in contrast to implicit memory tasks where memory is revealed in responses to
the task even though the participant may not be aware that a form of
remembering has occurred. Tasks of implicit remembering can include word-
fragment completion and the level of preference for an item, preference has
been taken as a measure of memory in techniques such as the mere exposure
paradigm. This paradigm will be used in Chapter 2 of this thesis to examine the
influence of factors at the time of retrieving a memory. We will also be
examining how the Remember/Know paradigm impacts on findings of an
emotional influence on memory.
Section 2.2.3 Interactions between experimental design and findings
There can be an interaction between the factors of experimental design,
which have been described above, and the experimental findings, particularly
in the influence of emotion on memory. The type of measurement of memory
which is used can affect the findings uncovered. One example of this relates to
investigations of recollection. Recollection was found to be enhanced by
negative emotion when measurements were based on a paradigm which
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